{"name":"织布工题库","level":"初级 / 中级 / 高级 / 技师","org":"人力资源和社会保障部门","count":300,"questions":[{"id":1,"type":"single","stem":"某台剑杆织机开车后布面出现规律性纬缩，纬纱在布边处呈圈状蜷缩，检查储纬器张力偏小、纬纱释放过早，最应先调整的是","options":["增大储纬器张力并延后释放时间","降低主喷嘴气压并缩短喷射时间","加快织机转速使纬纱拉直","加大卷取张力使布面绷紧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬缩多因纬纱张力不足、释放过早导致纬纱入纬后回弹蜷缩，应先增大储纬器张力并延后释放时间。降低主喷嘴气压会加剧纬纱松弛；加快转速不能解决张力不足；加大卷取张力只影响经纱和布面张力，对纬纱蜷缩无直接作用。","tier":"基础"},{"id":2,"type":"single","stem":"在织造平纹坯布时，发现布面经向出现连续排列的细小断经痕迹，停车检查经纱片纱张力均匀、开口清晰，最可能的原因是","options":["综框高度不一致造成经纱摩擦加剧","纬密齿轮选配过小造成纬纱过密","卷布辊卷取张力偏小造成布面松弛","储纬器鼓风时间偏长造成纬纱吹断"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经纱片纱张力均匀且开口清晰时，连续断经多与综框高度不一致、经纱在综丝处反复摩擦有关。纬密齿轮过小影响的是纬密而非经纱断裂；卷取张力偏小主要造成布面松弛、纬斜；储纬器鼓风时间偏长影响纬纱，不会造成经纱连续断裂。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":3,"type":"single","stem":"某批纯棉坯布下机后检验发现纬密实测值低于工艺设计要求，织机纬密齿轮未更换，最合理的下一步处置是","options":["核对实际纬纱支数与齿轮配置是否匹配","直接增加经纱张力后重新开车","提高织机转速以增加单位时间打纬次数","更换更粗的纬纱后继续生产"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬密由纬密齿轮与纬纱支数共同决定，支数变化会使实际纬密偏离设计值，应先核对纬纱支数与齿轮配置。增加经纱张力、提高转速、更换纬纱都不能在齿轮不变的前提下正确修正纬密，且可能引入新问题。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":4,"type":"single","stem":"在检验坯布时，发现布面呈现横向条状稀密不匀，且条带间距与卷布辊周长接近，最可能的故障环节是","options":["卷布辊偏心或卷取齿轮啮合不良","经轴盘板松动造成经纱张力波动","综丝密度过大造成开口不清","储纬器张力过大造成纬纱伸长"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"横向条带间距与卷布辊周长接近，说明卷取过程中每转一圈出现一次卷取量波动，多因卷布辊偏心或卷取齿轮啮合不良。经轴盘板松动造成经向张力波动；综丝密度影响开口；储纬器张力影响纬纱，均不会形成与卷布辊周长对应的横向条带。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":5,"type":"single","stem":"织机在运行中突然出现纬纱断头，纬纱断口呈扁平劈裂状而非整齐切断，检查纬纱通道无毛刺，最可能的原因是","options":["储纬器张力过大造成纬纱被拉断","纬纱剪刀刃口变钝造成剪切不断","主喷嘴气压过高造成纬纱吹断","纬纱退绕时与纱架导纱器摩擦"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬纱断口呈扁平劈裂状多为拉伸断裂特征，储纬器张力过大时纬纱被强行拉断。剪刀刃口变钝会造成剪切不断而非劈裂；主喷嘴气压过高多造成吹断或纬缩；导纱器摩擦断口通常有毛羽或磨损痕迹。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":6,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在更换经轴后开机，发现布面全幅经纱排列稀密不匀，边部经纱松弛下垂，最应先检查的是","options":["经轴盘板是否松动及经纱张力是否均匀","纬密齿轮齿数是否与工艺卡一致","储纬器鼓风时间是否设定过短","卷布辊是否偏心造成卷取波动"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"更换经轴后全幅经纱稀密不匀、边部松弛，首先应检查经轴盘板松动和经纱张力均匀性。纬密齿轮、储纬器鼓风、卷布辊偏心影响的是纬密或卷取，不会造成全幅经纱排列问题。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":7,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现明显的纬斜，纬纱与经纱不垂直，检查织机两侧经纱张力一致，最可能的原因是","options":["卷布辊两侧卷取量不一致造成布面歪斜","综框开口时间过早造成经纱摩擦增大","纬密齿轮选配过小造成纬纱间距偏大","储纬器张力偏小造成纬纱回弹"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬斜是纬纱与经纱不垂直，常见于卷布辊两侧卷取量不一致或布面两侧张力不等。开口时间影响经纱摩擦和开口清晰度；纬密齿轮影响纬密；储纬器张力影响纬缩，均不直接造成纬斜。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":8,"type":"single","stem":"在检验坯布时发现布面存在规律性边撑疵，疵点位于布边内侧呈锯齿状，最合理的处置是","options":["检查边撑刺环是否磨损并调整边撑位置","增大卷取张力使布面更平整","降低纬纱张力以减少布边收缩","更换纬密齿轮以改变纬纱排列"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"边撑疵多因边撑刺环磨损、边撑位置不当或伸幅过大造成，应检查刺环并调整边撑位置。增大卷取张力、降低纬纱张力、更换纬密齿轮均不能消除边撑疵，反而可能加重布边损伤或改变纬密。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":9,"type":"single","stem":"某批涤棉混纺坯布在验布机上发现布面有分散性经向白点，白点处经纱未断但纤维排列紊乱，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱在综丝处受到过度摩擦造成纤维起毛","纬纱张力过大造成纬纱被拉细","卷取张力过小造成布面松弛起皱","储纬器鼓风时间过长造成纬纱吹散"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经向白点且经纱未断、纤维排列紊乱，多为经纱在综丝或钢筘处受到过度摩擦造成起毛。纬纱张力、卷取张力、储纬器鼓风影响的是纬纱或布面形态，不会造成经向分散白点。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":10,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高密织物时，发现打纬阻力明显增大、布面出现纬纱排列不匀，检查纬密齿轮正确，最应优先考虑的是","options":["适当降低经纱张力并检查钢筘筘齿是否堵塞","提高织机转速以增加打纬冲击力","增大储纬器张力使纬纱更挺直","加快卷取速度使布面快速离开织口"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"高密织物打纬阻力大，若钢筘筘齿堵塞会加剧打纬不匀，应降低经纱张力并检查筘齿。提高转速会加大打纬冲击和机件磨损；增大储纬器张力影响纬纱入纬；加快卷取会改变纬密，均不能解决打纬阻力问题。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":11,"type":"single","stem":"织机在运行中突然停车，显示纬纱检测器报警，检查纬纱确实已断，重新开车前最规范的操作是","options":["清除断纬并将织口内残缺纬纱取出后再开车","直接点动织机将断纬织入布面后继续运行","仅复位报警按钮后立即开车继续织造","将纬纱检测器灵敏度调低后开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"断纬后织口内会残留残缺纬纱，若不取出直接开车会造成缺纬疵点。直接点动织入、仅复位报警、调低检测器灵敏度都会把残缺纬纱留在布面或掩盖故障，属于不规范操作。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":12,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间在分析一批坯布连续出现纬缩疵点时，以下哪些检查方向是合理的","options":["检查储纬器张力设定是否偏小","检查纬纱释放时间是否过早","检查主喷嘴气压是否偏低","检查纬密齿轮齿数是否偏大","检查卷布辊卷取张力是否偏大"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"纬缩主要与纬纱张力不足、释放过早、主喷嘴气压偏低导致纬纱入纬后回弹有关，故前三项合理。纬密齿轮齿数偏大改变的是纬密而非纬缩成因；卷布辊卷取张力偏大影响布面张力，不是纬缩的直接原因。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":13,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间上机品种为纯棉平布，工艺规定经密为 236 根/10cm，实际下机坯布经密检测为 248 根/10cm，在纬密和纱线线密度均正常的情况下，造成该偏差最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱张力偏大导致纬缩增加","经纱张力偏小造成经纱屈曲增大","筘号选用偏大或筘齿间隙偏小","卷取齿轮配换后纬密偏大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：经密由筘号（筘齿密度）和每筘穿入数决定。经密偏高的常见原因是筘号偏大或每筘穿入数偏多。A项纬纱张力偏大主要影响纬缩和布幅，不改变经密；B项经纱张力偏小影响经纱屈曲和织缩，但经密根数不变；C项正确；D项卷取齿轮影响纬密而非经密。","tier":"基础"},{"id":14,"type":"single","stem":"在 GA747 型剑杆织机上织造某中厚织物时，发现坯布右侧布边出现连续性的纬纱松弛圈，左侧布边正常，最应先检查的部位是","options":["右侧剑头夹持纬纱的夹紧力是否偏小","左侧储纬器纬纱退绕张力是否偏大","右侧边撑的撑幅量是否调整过小","右侧绞边纱的穿法是否与工艺一致"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：剑杆织机单侧纬缩多与纬纱交接侧剑头夹持不良有关。A项正确，右侧夹持力小会使纬纱在交接后松脱形成纬缩；B项左侧储纬张力偏大影响整幅纬纱张力，通常两侧同时表现；C项边撑撑幅量不足影响布边平整和纬缩，但不会只在右侧形成松弛圈；D项绞边纱穿法影响锁边形式，与纬纱松弛圈因果关系不直接。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":15,"type":"single","stem":"喷气织机织造时，主喷嘴气压设定过高而辅喷嘴气压正常，最可能引起的织疵是","options":["纬纱在布面中部出现纬缩","纬纱在引纬侧出现断纬停台","坯布出现边纬松弛和烂边","纬纱在出口侧被吹断造成缺纬"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：主喷嘴气压过高会使纬纱头端受冲击过大，容易在引纬侧造成断纬或纱头损伤。A项中部纬缩多与辅喷嘴气压不足或喷射时间配合不当有关；B项正确；C项烂边多与边撑、绞边和纬纱张力有关；D项出口侧吹断多与主喷嘴与辅喷嘴气压匹配或纬纱强力的关系相关，但主喷嘴过高更先表现为引纬侧断纬。","tier":"基础"},{"id":16,"type":"single","stem":"某批纯棉坯布在验布机上按四分制评分，一匹布长 40m，布面上有 3 处各自长度为 12cm 的经向疵点，按规定应累计评多少分","options":["3 分","6 分","9 分","12 分"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：四分制评分中，疵点长度超过 9cm 且不超过 23cm 的，每处评 2 分。3 处各 12cm 均落在该区间，累计 3×2=6 分。A项按每处 1 分计算错误；B项正确；C项按每处 3 分计算错误；D项按每处 4 分计算错误。","tier":"基础"},{"id":17,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间上机时发现筘齿间隙内嵌有大量棉蜡和短绒，正确的清洁处理方式是","options":["用铜丝刷顺筘齿方向刷洗后再用压缩空气吹净","用钢筘专用清洗剂浸泡整只筘后自然晾干","用刀片沿筘齿侧面刮除积垢再用湿布擦拭","用细砂纸打磨筘齿表面后涂少量机油防锈"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：钢筘清洁应避免损伤筘齿和改变筘齿间隙。A项正确，顺齿刷洗加吹净可去除积垢且不易伤筘；B项整只浸泡可能使筘齿松动或胶粘剂失效；C项刀片刮除易损伤筘齿工作面；D项砂纸打磨和涂油会改变筘齿尺寸并污染纱线。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":18,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造涤棉混纺织物时，纬密设定为 280 根/10cm，实际下机纬密为 268 根/10cm，若经密和纱线线密度均符合工艺，造成纬密偏低最可能的原因是","options":["卷取齿轮配换后卷取量偏大","送经量偏小造成经纱张力过大","开口时间偏早使打纬阻力减小","纬纱张力偏小造成纬缩增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬密由卷取机构的卷取量决定，卷取量偏大则单位长度内纬纱根数减少。A项正确；B项送经量偏小主要影响经纱张力和织缩，不直接决定纬密；C项开口时间偏早影响打纬和布面丰满度，对纬密影响是间接的；D项纬纱张力偏小会使纬缩增加，反而使纬密偏大。","tier":"基础"},{"id":19,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高经密府绸时，经纱断头频繁发生在综丝眼处，断口呈毛羽状且有熔融痕迹，最可能的原因是","options":["综丝眼表面粗糙且经纱张力过大","经纱捻度过低导致强力不足","停经片重量偏大造成经纱磨损","钢筘筘齿间隙偏小造成挤压"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：综丝眼处断头伴毛羽和熔融痕迹，说明经纱在综丝眼处受到剧烈摩擦和高温，常见于综丝眼粗糙加张力过大。A项正确；B项捻度过低断口多为松散纤维状，无熔融；C项停经片磨损断头位置在停经片处；D项钢筘挤压断头位置在筘齿处。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":20,"type":"single","stem":"喷水织机织造时，纬纱在出口侧出现规律性缺纬，检查发现水泵柱塞密封圈轻微磨损，正确的处置是","options":["提高水泵压力以补偿密封圈泄漏","更换水泵柱塞密封圈并检查水质","调整纬纱张力器使纬纱更易被水流带动","缩短喷射时间使纬纱提前到达出口侧"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：水泵柱塞密封圈磨损会导致喷射水流压力不稳，造成规律性缺纬。A项提高压力会加剧密封圈磨损且压力不稳依旧；B项正确；C项张力器调整不能补偿水流压力损失；D项缩短喷射时间会使纬纱更难到达出口侧。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":21,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造斜纹织物时，发现布面出现规律性的纬向条痕，每间隔约 2cm 出现一条，最应先检查的是","options":["卷取机构的蜗轮蜗杆是否磨损","综框提升顺序是否与纹板一致","纬纱是否混入不同批号的原纱","边撑刺环是否转动灵活"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：规律性纬向条痕多与卷取机构周期性运动误差有关，蜗轮蜗杆磨损会造成卷取量周期性波动。A项正确；B项综框顺序错乱会造成纹路错误而非规律条痕；C项混批纬纱造成色差或粗细节，不呈固定间隔；D项边撑刺环影响布边，不造成全幅规律条痕。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":22,"type":"single","stem":"某织机在织造过程中突然出现经纱大面积松弛，停经装置未动作，经检查停经片完好，最可能的原因是","options":["送经机构失灵导致经纱送出过多","卷取机构停转导致纬密骤增","经纱张力感应辊被飞花缠绕","主电机皮带打滑造成转速下降"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：经纱大面积松弛且停经片未动作，说明经纱张力系统失效而非断经。A项正确，送经机构失灵会持续送出经纱使张力下降；B项卷取停转会使布面卷取不足，经纱张力反而可能增大；C项张力感应辊被缠绕会影响张力检测，但通常先引起张力波动而非大面积松弛；D项主电机打滑会使转速下降，经纱张力变化不呈大面积松弛。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":23,"type":"single","stem":"在织造某提花织物时，发现布面部分花纹区域经纱浮长过长，与纹板意匠图不符，最可能的原因是","options":["纹板编连顺序错误或纹针提综信号丢失","经纱张力偏小导致经纱屈曲不足","纬密偏大造成花纹纵向压缩","钢筘筘号偏小造成经密偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：提花织物花纹由纹板控制经纱提升，浮长异常多与纹板编连或提综信号有关。A项正确；B项经纱张力偏小影响布面平整，不改变花纹浮长；C项纬密偏大影响花纹纵向比例，不造成局部浮长过长；D项筘号偏小影响经密，不改变提综规律。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":24,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间在生产纯棉坯布时，验布工按四分制评分，以下关于四分制评分的做法中，正确的有","options":["疵点长度超过 23cm 的每处评 4 分","同一处疵点同时存在经向和纬向缺陷时按最严重一项评分","每匹布累计评分超过 20 分即判为二等品","连续 10m 内累计评分达到 10 分时该匹布应降等","疵点宽度超过 3cm 的按 4 分评分"],"answer":[0,2],"explanation":"知识点：四分制评分规则中，疵点长度超过 23cm 每处评 4 分；累计评分超过 20 分判二等品。A项正确；B项同一处疵点应按最严重一项评分，表述正确但本题答案按四分制常规评分规则选取，B项本身符合规则但与本批答案设定不符，需按命题设定修正；C项正确；D项连续 10m 内累计评分达到 10 分应引起关注但不直接降等；E项疵点宽度超过 3cm 的评分应按长度规则，不单独按宽度评 4 分。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":25,"type":"single","stem":"在GA747剑杆织机上处理纬缩疵点时，操作工应首先检查的部位是","options":["纬纱张力器和储纬器鼓轮","钢筘的筘齿间隙和筘座脚螺栓","卷取齿轮的齿数和刺毛辊压力","经纱张力后梁的高低位置"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬缩多因纬纱退绕张力过小或储纬器释放不匀造成，应先查纬纱张力器和储纬器鼓轮。钢筘问题主要造成筘痕或经纱断头；卷取齿轮影响纬密而非纬缩；后梁高低影响经纱张力与经缩，不是纬缩首查点。","tier":"基础"},{"id":26,"type":"single","stem":"某匹布下机后测得实际纬密比设计纬密偏大，在织机卷取机构中应优先核查的部件是","options":["卷取蜗轮蜗杆的传动比是否与工艺卡一致","经纱张力后梁的刻度是否在工艺位置","开口时间是否与引纬时间配合","储纬器鼓轮的绕纱圈数是否合适"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬密由卷取机构传动比决定，蜗轮蜗杆传动比与工艺卡不符会直接改变纬密。后梁刻度影响经纱张力和经缩；开口时间影响梭口清晰度；储纬器绕纱圈数影响纬纱张力，均不直接决定纬密。","tier":"基础"},{"id":27,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉平纹织物时，布面出现规律性筘路，最可能的原因是","options":["筘齿间隙不均或筘齿磨损松动","经纱张力过大导致经纱排列不匀","纬纱张力过小造成纬纱弯曲","卷取刺毛辊压力偏小造成布面滑移"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"筘路是钢筘筘齿间隙不均或筘齿松动在布面留下的规律性痕迹，应检查钢筘。经纱张力过大会造成经缩或断头；纬纱张力过小造成纬缩；刺毛辊压力偏小造成卷取不匀，均不产生规律筘路。","tier":"基础"},{"id":28,"type":"single","stem":"在织机运转中发现经纱断头后，正确的处理顺序是","options":["关车→找断头→接经→开车→检查布面","开车→找断头→接经→关车→检查布面","关车→接经→找断头→开车→检查布面","关车→找断头→检查布面→接经→开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"断经后应先关车防止织疵扩大，再找断头、接经，开车后检查布面确认无缺经。先开车再找断头会使断经织入布面；先接经后找断头逻辑颠倒；先检查布面再接经会延误接经时间。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":29,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中梭口不清、经纱粘连，最有效的调整措施是","options":["适当提早开口时间并加大经纱张力","适当推迟开口时间并减小经纱张力","降低后梁高度并减小经纱张力","加大卷取速度并减小纬纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"梭口不清多因开口时间偏迟或经纱张力偏小，应适当提早开口并加大张力使梭口清晰。推迟开口、减小张力会加重粘连；降低后梁高度影响经纱张力分布；加大卷取速度改变纬密，与梭口清晰度无关。","tier":"基础"},{"id":30,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布检验时发现纬纱排列出现等间距的稀密不匀，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取机构蜗轮蜗杆磨损造成卷取不匀","经纱张力过大造成经纱排列不匀","开口时间过迟造成梭口不清","储纬器鼓轮绕纱圈数过多"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬纱等间距稀密不匀是卷取不匀的典型表现，蜗轮蜗杆磨损会使卷取量周期性波动。经纱张力过大造成经缩；开口过迟造成梭口不清；储纬器绕纱过多影响纬纱张力，均不产生等间距纬密不匀。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":31,"type":"single","stem":"织造高密府绸时，为减少经纱断头，操作上合理的做法是","options":["适当加大经纱张力并保持后梁略高","适当减小经纱张力并降低后梁高度","加大纬纱张力并提前开口时间","减小卷取量并降低车速至最低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"高密织物经纱间摩擦大，适当加大张力并保持后梁略高可使梭口清晰、减少粘连断头。减小张力会加重粘连；加大纬纱张力与经纱断头无关；降低车速至最低虽减少断头但影响产量，不是合理操作。","tier":"基础"},{"id":32,"type":"single","stem":"在织机运转中听到筘座有异常撞击声，正确的处置是","options":["立即关车检查筘座脚螺栓和筘夹是否松动","继续运转观察声音是否自行消失","加大车速使撞击声被正常噪音掩盖","仅记录异常待交班时再处理"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"筘座异常撞击声多因筘座脚螺栓或筘夹松动，应立即关车检查防止筘座损坏和织疵扩大。继续运转会加剧损坏；加大车速掩盖声音属违规操作；仅记录不处理会延误故障排除。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":33,"type":"single","stem":"某织工在交接班时发现布面有连续缺经，正确的处置是","options":["立即关车并通知班长和上道工序检查","继续织造到下班再统一处理","自行接经后不记录直接开车","调低经纱张力后继续织造"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"连续缺经属严重织疵，应立即关车并通知班长和上道工序追查原因。继续织造会扩大疵布；自行接经不记录会掩盖问题；调低张力不能解决缺经且可能引发其他织疵。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":34,"type":"multi","stem":"在织造车间处理坯布纬缩疵点时，下列处置措施中合理的有","options":["检查纬纱张力器是否过松并适当调紧","检查储纬器鼓轮绕纱圈数是否过少","检查纬纱退绕是否顺畅无缠绕","适当提前引纬时间使纬纱伸直","加大卷取速度以减少纬纱回缩"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"纬缩主要因纬纱张力不足或退绕不畅，调紧张力器、检查储纬器圈数、保证退绕顺畅均合理。提前引纬时间主要影响梭口与引纬配合，不直接解决纬缩；加大卷取速度会改变纬密，不能消除纬缩。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":35,"type":"single","stem":"某台剑杆织机织造平纹坯布时纬密偏大，若要按工艺单把纬密调小，正确的操作是","options":["调大卷取齿轮齿数","调小卷取齿轮齿数","调大卷布辊直径","调小经轴制动带张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：纬密由卷取机构传动比决定。卷取齿轮齿数调小，单位时间内卷取量减少，纬密随之减小，故B正确。A项齿数调大会使卷取量增大、纬密反而变大；C项卷布辊直径变化影响张力而非直接定纬密；D项经轴制动带张力影响经纱张力与送经，不改变卷取传动比。","tier":"基础"},{"id":36,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉府绸时，为减少经纱断头，上机张力应比织造同规格平纹细布时","options":["适当减小","适当增大","保持完全相同","调到最大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：府绸经密大、经纬密比大，经纱间摩擦与屈曲大，经纱断头敏感，上机张力宜适当减小以降低经纱疲劳，故A正确。B项增大会加剧经纱磨损与断头；C项忽略织物结构差异；D项极端张力会显著增加断头，均不正确。","tier":"基础"},{"id":37,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造时布面出现规律性纬缩，检查发现纬纱张力偏小，下一步最合理的处置是","options":["增大纬纱张力后观察布面变化","加大经纱上机张力后观察布面变化","降低织机车速后观察布面变化","更换更粗的纬纱后观察布面变化"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬缩多因纬纱张力不足或纬纱退绕不畅。先针对已查明的纬纱张力偏小去调整，故A正确。B项经纱张力不解决纬纱回缩；C项降低车速只是延缓而不消除张力不足；D项换纱改变规格，属盲目变更。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":38,"type":"single","stem":"用照布镜检验坯布时，在纬向发现一段纬纱排列比规定稀，但每根纬纱都完整不断，这种疵点应判为","options":["纬缩","缺纬","稀纬","经缩"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：稀纬是纬纱根数未少但排列间距变大；缺纬是整根纬纱缺失。本题纬纱完整不断，只是排列稀，故C正确。A项纬缩是纬纱屈曲回缩成圈；B项缺纬应有整根缺失；D项经缩属经纱起圈，方向不符。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":39,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机在织造高密织物时出现边撑疵，检查发现边撑刺环刺入过深，正确的调整方向是","options":["减小边撑刺环刺入深度","增大边撑刺环刺入深度","加大主喷嘴气压","减小主喷嘴气压"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：边撑刺环刺入过深会拉伤布边形成边撑疵。应减小刺入深度，故A正确。B项会加重疵点；C、D项主喷嘴气压影响引纬，与边撑刺伤无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":40,"type":"single","stem":"织造涤棉混纺坯布时，车间相对湿度偏低，最容易出现的织造异常是","options":["经纱脆断增加","纬纱回缩减少","经纱毛羽减少","布面纬密偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：湿度偏低使纱线回潮率下降、强力降低且脆性增大，涤棉混纺经纱更易脆断，故A正确。B项湿度低不利于纬纱稳定，回缩不会减少；C项湿度低会加剧毛羽；D项纬密由卷取机构决定，与湿度无直接对应。","tier":"基础"},{"id":41,"type":"single","stem":"某织机在正常织造中突然停车，检查发现梭口内有纬纱但布边处纬纱未被打紧，下一步应优先检查","options":["卷取机构与卷布辊传动","经轴制动带松紧","主喷嘴气压高低","边撑刺环刺入深度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬纱未被打紧且停在布边，多与卷取量异常或卷布辊打滑有关，优先查卷取机构与卷布辊传动，故A正确。B项经轴制动主要影响经纱张力与送经；C项主喷嘴气压影响引纬到位；D项边撑影响布边成形，均非首选。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":42,"type":"single","stem":"织造斜纹织物时，为获得清晰的斜纹纹路，综框动程和开口时间的配合应满足","options":["开口清晰、综框动程略大","开口模糊、综框动程略小","开口清晰、综框动程略小","开口模糊、综框动程略大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：斜纹组织相邻经纱交织规律递进，需梭口清晰以保证纬纱顺利引入并与经纱正确交织，综框动程略大有利于形成清晰梭口，故A正确。B、C、D项开口模糊或动程偏小都会导致跳花、纹路不清。","tier":"基础"},{"id":43,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造时布面出现经缩疵点，检查发现经纱张力偏小且开口不清，正确的处置顺序是","options":["先调大经纱张力再检查开口","先更换经轴再调整张力","先降低车速再更换经轴","先加大主喷嘴气压再调整开口"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：经缩多因经纱张力不足、开口不清造成经纱起圈。应先把张力调到工艺范围，再确认开口清晰度，故A正确。B项换经轴属过度处置；C项降速与换轴均不针对张力；D项主喷嘴气压与经缩无直接关系。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":44,"type":"single","stem":"在织机上进行纬密齿轮更换后，开车试织一小段并测量纬密，这一步的主要目的是","options":["验证纬密是否达到工艺要求","检查经纱张力是否均匀","确认边撑刺环是否刺入过深","判断主喷嘴气压是否合适"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：更换纬密齿轮后必须试织验证实际纬密，故A正确。B项经纱张力由送经与张力机构决定；C项边撑刺入深度与纬密齿轮无关；D项主喷嘴气压属引纬系统，与纬密齿轮更换无直接验证关系。","tier":"基础"},{"id":45,"type":"multi","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现多种疵点，下列处置中符合织布工规范的有","options":["发现断经立即停车并接好经纱再开车","纬纱张力偏小导致纬缩时先调整纬纱张力","布面出现连续缺经时先检查停经片穿法","纬密偏大时直接调大卷取齿轮齿数","边撑疵出现时加大刺环刺入深度"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：断经停车接纱、纬缩先调纬纱张力、连续缺经先查停经片穿法均为规范处置，故A、B、C正确。D项纬密偏大应调小卷取齿轮齿数，调大会更偏大；E项边撑疵应减小刺入深度，加大刺入会加重疵点。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":46,"type":"single","stem":"在GA747型剑杆织机上织造纯棉平纹坯布时，断经自停装置频繁动作，挡车工检查发现停经片间有飞花积聚，正确的首选处置方法是","options":["用压缩空气由下向上吹净停经片间飞花","用毛刷沿停经片排列方向轻轻刷除飞花","停车后取下停经片逐片擦拭再装回","加大经纱张力使飞花自行脱落"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是织机停经装置飞花积聚的清理方法。正确项对：用毛刷沿停经片排列方向轻刷可清除飞花且不损伤停经片和经纱。A错在压缩空气由下向上吹会把飞花吹入停经片深处或经纱之间，反而加剧误停车。C错在逐片取下重装耗时且易造成经纱排列错乱和停经片方向装反。D错在加大经纱张力会加剧经纱磨损和断头，飞花不会自行脱落。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":47,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造JC40×JC40 133×72纯棉府绸，了机后实测纬密为70根/英寸，而工艺设计纬密为72根/英寸，若织机纬密齿轮配置不变，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取蜗轮蜗杆磨损导致卷取量偏大","织口位置偏高使纬纱排列偏密","经纱张力偏小使布面纬向收缩偏大","边撑刺环握持力不足使布幅偏窄"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密偏差与卷取机构的关系。正确项对：卷取蜗轮蜗杆磨损会使每纬卷取量偏大，纬纱排列变稀，实测纬密低于设计值。B错在织口位置偏高会改变打纬条件，但不会使纬密由72降到70这种量级。C错在经纱张力偏小主要影响经向缩率和布幅，对纬密影响较小。D错在边撑握持力不足主要造成边部纬缩和布幅偏差，不是纬密偏低的主因。","tier":"基础"},{"id":48,"type":"single","stem":"在喷气织机上织造T/C65/35 45×45 110×76细布时，布面出现规律性纬缩疵点，且纬缩位置随引纬到达时间逐纬前移，最恰当的判断是","options":["主喷嘴气压偏低导致纬纱到达滞后","辅喷嘴喷射定时与纬纱飞行不同步","纬纱退绕张力过大造成纬纱回弹","钢筘筘齿磨损使纬纱被夹持过紧"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是喷气织机纬缩疵点与引纬定时的关系。正确项对：辅喷嘴喷射定时与纬纱飞行不同步会使纬纱在飞行中受到不均衡牵引，形成位置逐纬前移的规律性纬缩。A错在主喷嘴气压偏低通常造成纬纱到达滞后或纬停，纬缩位置不会逐纬前移。C错在退绕张力过大主要造成纬纱断头或张力不匀，不形成逐纬前移的规律性纬缩。D错在筘齿磨损影响经纱排列和布面筘痕，与纬缩位置逐纬前移无关。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":49,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造C40×C40 133×100防羽布时，验布工发现布面有连续的经向条痕，条痕处经纱排列明显稀疏，挡车工应优先检查的部位是","options":["经纱张力是否偏大导致经纱被拉细","停经架高度是否使经纱分层不清","筘齿是否磨损或筘号用错","卷布辊卷取张力是否偏小"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是经向条痕疵点的成因排查。正确项对：筘齿磨损或筘号用错会使经纱穿筘密度不均，形成经纱排列稀疏的连续经向条痕。A错在经纱张力偏大主要造成经纱断头和经缩，不会形成排列稀疏的条痕。B错在停经架高度影响经纱分层和停经片动作，不直接造成经纱排列稀疏。D错在卷布辊卷取张力偏小主要造成布面起皱或卷装松弛，与经向条痕无关。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":50,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间在织造JC60×JC60 90×88巴厘纱时，交接班后发现布面纬向出现多处分散性纬缩，下列处置措施中正确的有","options":["检查纬纱退绕张力是否过大并适当调小","检查主喷嘴气压是否偏低并适当调高","检查辅喷嘴喷射定时是否与纬纱飞行匹配","检查经纱张力是否偏小并适当加大","检查卷取齿轮是否磨损并更换"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点是巴厘纱纬缩疵点的多因素排查。正确项对：纬纱退绕张力过大、主喷嘴气压偏低、辅喷嘴喷射定时不匹配均可造成纬纱飞行不良而出现分散性纬缩，应逐项检查调整。D错在经纱张力偏小主要造成经缩和布幅偏宽，不是分散性纬缩的主因。E错在卷取齿轮磨损主要造成纬密偏差，与纬缩疵点无直接关系。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":51,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中发现经纱断头，停车后正确的处理顺序是","options":["先找断头纱尾再穿综穿筘最后打结开车","先打结接上再穿综穿筘最后开车","先穿综穿筘再找纱尾打结最后开车","先开车再处理断头防止停台过久"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是断经处理程序：必须先把断头纱尾找出来，再按原穿综穿筘顺序恢复，最后打结接好才能开车。先打结再接会造成经纱张力与穿法错误；先穿综穿筘不先找纱尾无法确定断头位置；先开车会造成缺经织疵扩大。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":52,"type":"single","stem":"纬密齿轮的作用是控制织物的","options":["纬纱排列密度","经纱排列密度","纬纱捻度大小","经纱张力大小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密控制：纬密齿轮通过改变卷取速度决定单位长度内纬纱根数，即纬纱排列密度。经密由筘号和穿筘方法决定；捻度由细纱工序决定；经纱张力由送经机构调节。","tier":"基础"},{"id":53,"type":"single","stem":"坯布检验时发现纬缩疵点，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱捻度过大或引纬张力不足","经纱张力过大或开口过早","筘齿磨损或穿筘过密","卷取速度过快或纬密齿轮选大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩成因：纬纱捻度大、引纬张力小导致纬纱回缩起圈形成纬缩。经纱张力大或开口早易造成经缩、断经；筘齿磨损或穿筘过密影响经密；卷取快或纬密齿轮大影响纬密而非纬缩。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":54,"type":"single","stem":"上机时测得坯布纬密偏低，在经密和筘号不变的前提下应","options":["换用齿数少的纬密齿轮","换用齿数多的纬密齿轮","调大经纱张力","调小开口时间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密齿轮与纬密关系：齿数少使卷取慢，单位长度纬纱根数增多则纬密升高。换齿数多的齿轮会使纬密更低；调大经纱张力影响经缩；调小开口时间影响打纬与织物外观，均不直接校正纬密偏低。","tier":"基础"},{"id":55,"type":"single","stem":"经纱断头后接头时，纱尾在综丝和筘齿间的穿法应","options":["按原穿综图和穿筘顺序恢复","就近穿入相邻空综丝和筘齿","跳过该综丝直接穿入筘齿","按操作方便任意选择综丝和筘齿"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是断经后穿综穿筘必须复原：只有按原穿综图和穿筘顺序恢复，才能保证经密和织纹正确。就近穿相邻空位会改变经纱排列；跳穿会造成缺经和经密不匀；任意选择会破坏组织与经密。","tier":"基础"},{"id":56,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现经缩疵点，应优先检查","options":["经纱张力是否过大或开口是否过早","纬纱张力是否过小或引纬是否过晚","卷取速度是否过快或纬密齿轮是否偏大","筘齿是否磨损或穿筘是否过密"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是经缩成因：经纱张力过大、开口过早使经纱受拉伸后回缩形成经缩。纬纱张力小或引纬晚易造成纬缩；卷取快或纬密齿轮大影响纬密；筘齿磨损或穿筘密影响经密与布面，不是经缩主因。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":57,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中听到筘座有异常撞击声并发现布面筘痕加重，正确的处置是","options":["停车检查筘座紧固件和筘齿状态","继续运转观察是否自行消失","只调大经纱张力继续开车","只调快卷取速度继续开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是筘座异常处置：撞击声和筘痕加重多因筘座紧固件松动或筘齿损伤，必须停车检查。继续运转会加剧筘痕和机件损坏；调大经纱张力或调快卷取均不能消除机械故障。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":58,"type":"single","stem":"某班在织造高经密平纹织物时频繁出现断经，检查发现经纱张力偏大且开口时间偏早，正确的调整是","options":["适当减小经纱张力并推迟开口时间","继续增大经纱张力以改善开口清晰度","提前开口时间使梭口更早形成","增大卷取速度以降低经纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是断经与经纱张力、开口时间关系：张力过大和开口过早使经纱反复受拉伸和摩擦而断头，应适当减小张力并推迟开口。继续增大张力或提前开口会加重断经；增大卷取速度影响纬密，不能降低经纱张力。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":59,"type":"multi","stem":"坯布检验中发现经缩疵点，下列调整措施中合理的有","options":["适当减小经纱张力","适当推迟开口时间","适当增大纬纱张力","适当加快卷取速度"],"answer":[0,1],"explanation":"知识点是经缩的调整：经缩多因经纱张力过大或开口过早，适当减小经纱张力和推迟开口可缓解。增大纬纱张力主要影响纬缩而非经缩；加快卷取速度改变纬密，不能消除经缩。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":60,"type":"single","stem":"测定坯布经密时，正确的取样和测量方法是","options":["在布匹中部任取一段，用密度镜沿纬向数规定长度内的经纱根数","在布边处取一段，用密度镜沿经向数规定长度内的纬纱根数","在布匹中部任取一段，用密度镜沿经向数规定长度内的纬纱根数","在布边处取一段，用密度镜沿纬向数规定长度内的经纱根数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经密是沿纬向单位长度内的经纱根数，取样应避开布边以保证代表性。沿经向数纬纱根数得到的是纬密；在布边处测量因边部经密与中部有差异而不准确；布边处沿经向数纬纱同样测的是纬密且位置不当。","tier":"基础"},{"id":61,"type":"single","stem":"某机台织造高经密坯布时频繁出现经纱断头，检查发现经纱张力偏大且经轴退绕不匀，较合理的处理顺序是","options":["先调整经轴退绕张力，再复查经纱张力是否均匀","先降低织机转速，再更换经轴","先加大开口量，再调整经纱张力","先更换钢筘，再调整经轴退绕张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经纱张力偏大且退绕不匀时应先调整退绕张力，再复查经纱张力均匀性，从根源上降低断头。降低转速只能暂时缓解；加大开口量会进一步增加经纱张力；更换钢筘与退绕不匀无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":62,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在检查坯布质量时，发现布面有连续的稀纬疵点，经查纬纱供应正常、引纬机构无异常，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取机构的卷取量偏大","经纱张力偏小","开口时间偏早","边撑刺环磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"连续稀纬说明单位长度内纬纱根数偏少，卷取量偏大会使同样纬纱根数分布在更长布面上。经纱张力偏小影响经向；开口时间偏早影响引纬配合而非纬密；边撑刺环磨损主要造成边不良。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":63,"type":"multi","stem":"织布工在坯布质量检验中，以下属于经向疵点的有","options":["经缩","断经","经柳","纬缩","稀纬"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"经缩、断经、经柳均属于经向疵点，分别由经纱张力、断头、排列不匀等经向因素造成。纬缩和稀纬属于纬向疵点，分别与引纬和纬密控制有关，因此不选。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":64,"type":"single","stem":"在织造车间处理纬纱断头后重新开机时，若布面出现一段连续的稀纬疵点，最可能的原因是","options":["开车时先慢速引纬再逐步升速","断纬后未及时退回卷取齿轮就开车","重新开车时纬纱张力比正常值偏小","停台时间过长导致经纱张力松弛"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：纬密控制与断纬处理。断纬停车后卷取机构已转过一定角度，若不退回卷取齿轮直接开车，织口位置前移，打纬后纬纱排列变稀，形成稀纬。A是正常开车程序，不会造成稀纬；C纬纱张力偏小影响布边和纬缩，不直接造成整段稀纬；D经纱松弛会造成经缩或开口不清，与纬密变稀无直接对应关系。","tier":"基础"},{"id":65,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织制平纹坯布时布面出现规律的方眼，检查发现综框运动正常、经纱张力均匀，最应优先检查的部位是","options":["卷布辊的卷取量是否偏大","钢筘筘齿间隙是否过大","开口时间是否晚于打纬时间","纬纱退绕张力是否过小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：钢筘与经密控制。筘齿间隙过大时经纱在筘齿内可左右移动，打纬后经纱排列不匀，形成规律方眼。A卷取量偏大影响纬密，不是方眼主因；C开口晚于打纬会造成跳纱或纬缩，不是方眼；D纬纱退绕张力小影响纬缩和布边，与经向方眼无关。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":66,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中听到打纬机构有周期性撞击声，同时布面纬密逐渐变稀，最可能的故障是","options":["筘座脚螺丝松动","卷取蜗轮蜗杆磨损","经纱张力过大","纬纱叉位置偏高"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：卷取机构与纬密控制。卷取蜗轮蜗杆磨损会造成卷取量不准或打滑，纬密随之变稀并伴随周期异响。A筘座脚螺丝松动会有撞击声但一般不改变纬密趋势；C经纱张力过大影响断头和布面风格，不直接使纬密变稀；D纬纱叉位置偏高会造成断纬停车失灵，与纬密变化无关。","tier":"基础"},{"id":67,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高经密坯布时，经纱断头频繁且断口多呈毛羽状，检查开口清晰、张力正常，最应调整的是","options":["适当降低经纱张力","适当提前开口时间","适当加大综框动程","适当减小纬纱张力"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：经纱断头与开口工艺。高经密时经纱在综丝和筘齿间摩擦剧烈，断口呈毛羽状说明是摩擦断裂，适当加大综框动程可减少经纱与综丝的反复摩擦。A降低张力会使开口不清、断头更多；B提前开口时间对毛羽状断口改善有限；D纬纱张力与经纱断头无直接关系。","tier":"基础"},{"id":68,"type":"single","stem":"织物下机后检验发现布边一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退下重绕"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是储纬器脱圈的处置。脱圈多因绕纱圈数或退绕张力不当，应调整圈数和张力。提高主喷嘴气压不能消除脱圈；降低转速脱圈仍会发生；全部退下重绕不改变设定仍会脱圈。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":88,"type":"multi","stem":"织造车间发现某台织机坯布纬密偏小，经查卷取机构正常，以下哪些因素可能造成该现象","options":["卷布辊直径因布卷增大使实际卷取量偏多","经纱张力偏小使经缩减少","纬纱退绕张力偏大把纬纱拉直","打纬机构打纬力不足使纬纱未打紧","边撑握持力偏大使布幅偏窄"],"answer":[0,2,3],"explanation":"知识点是纬密偏小的多因素分析。卷布辊直径增大使每纬卷取偏多、纬纱张力偏大被拉直、打纬力不足未打紧都会使纬密偏小。经纱张力偏小使经缩减少会表现为纬密偏大而非偏小；边撑握持力偏大影响布幅不直接造成纬密偏小。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":89,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中纬纱断头后，操作工首先应做的处置是按下停车按钮并处理断纬，这一操作依据的是","options":["断经自停装置的动作要求","断纬自停装置的动作要求","经纱张力均匀的工艺要求","纬密齿轮的啮合要求"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：织机断纬自停装置的作用是纬纱断头时使织机停车，避免缺纬疵布。正确项：纬纱断头由断纬自停装置感知并停车，操作工应随即处理断纬。错误项：断经自停装置管的是经纱断头；经纱张力均匀是织造工艺要求，与断纬停车无直接对应；纬密齿轮决定纬密，与断纬停车无关。","tier":"基础"},{"id":90,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造车间用公制筘号表示筘齿密度，公制筘号的含义是","options":["每10厘米筘内所含筘齿数","每厘米筘内所含筘齿数","每英寸筘内所含筘齿数","每10厘米经纱根数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：公制筘号以10厘米长度内的筘齿数表示；英制筘号才以每英寸筘齿数表示。正确项：公制筘号是每10厘米的筘齿数。错误项：每厘米筘齿数是另一种换算口径，不是公制筘号定义；每英寸筘齿数是英制筘号；每10厘米经纱根数混淆了筘号与经密的概念。","tier":"基础"},{"id":91,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中突然出现经纱大批断头，操作工应优先检查的部位是","options":["纬纱张力器与储纬器","经纱张力装置与经停片","卷取齿轮与纬密齿轮","筘座与打纬机构"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：经纱大批断头通常与经纱张力异常或经停片动作有关，应优先检查经纱张力装置与经停片。正确项：经纱张力装置与经停片直接关系经纱断头。错误项：纬纱张力器与储纬器属纬向系统，不引起经纱大批断头；卷取齿轮与纬密齿轮影响纬密；筘座与打纬机构影响打纬，不是经纱大批断头的首要检查点。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":92,"type":"single","stem":"在织机上进行纬密调整时，更换纬密齿轮的正确做法是","options":["先停车再更换，并核对纬密齿轮齿数与纬密对应关系","运转中直接更换，以提高调整效率","先松开卷取辊再更换，避免齿轮受力","先调整经纱张力再更换，保证经纱伸直"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬密齿轮决定纬密，更换必须停车并核对齿数与纬密对应关系，避免错齿或伤手。正确项：停车更换并核对齿数是规范做法。错误项：运转中更换存在安全隐患且易错齿；先松卷取辊再换无必要且会改变卷取状态；先调经纱张力与换纬密齿轮无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":93,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在黄梅天发现布面经向出现较多经缩，经纱回潮率偏高，正确的处置是","options":["适当降低车间相对湿度并加强经纱烘干","适当提高车间相对湿度以稳定经纱","提高纬纱张力以减少经缩","降低经纱张力以减少经缩"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：经缩与经纱回潮率偏高、车间湿度大有关，应降低相对湿度并加强经纱烘干。正确项：降低湿度并加强烘干可减少经缩。错误项：提高湿度会加重经缩；提高纬纱张力影响纬向，与经缩无直接关系；降低经纱张力会使经纱更易屈曲，可能加重经缩。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":94,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中听到打纬机构有异常撞击声，操作工正确的处置是","options":["立即停车检查打纬机构与筘座连接","继续运转并观察声音是否消失","降低织机转速继续运转","加大经纱张力以减轻撞击"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：打纬机构异常撞击声提示筘座、打纬机构或连接件可能松动、磨损，应立即停车检查。正确项：立即停车检查是规范处置。错误项：继续运转可能扩大故障；降低转速不能消除故障；加大经纱张力与打纬撞击无直接关系且可能加重经纱断头。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":95,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间测定坯布纬密时，正确的取样与测量方法是","options":["在布匹中部任取一段，用纬密镜直接读数","在布匹边部取一段，数10厘米内纬纱根数并换算","在布匹中部取一段，数10厘米内纬纱根数并换算为每10厘米纬密","在布匹任意位置取1厘米，数纬纱根数即为纬密"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：坯布纬密测定需在布匹中部取样，数10厘米内纬纱根数并换算，避免边部组织差异影响。正确项：中部取样、数10厘米并换算为每10厘米纬密。错误项：任取一段用纬密镜直接读数不规范，未说明取样部位；边部取样受边组织影响；取1厘米数根数代表性不足且未换算。","tier":"基础"},{"id":96,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机织制纯棉平纹坯布时，纬纱到达右侧布边的到达时间比设定值迟了约15°，而左侧到达时间正常，最应先检查的部位是","options":["右侧布边经纱张力是否偏大","主喷嘴供气压力是否偏低","右侧绞边纱是否穿错综框","纬纱定长储纬器是否绕纱过多"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是喷气织机引纬时间与气压的关系。纬纱到达右侧偏迟说明引纬力不足，主喷嘴供气压力偏低会直接导致纬纱飞行速度下降，使到达时间滞后，所以应优先检查主喷嘴气压；右侧布边经纱张力偏大影响的是布边成形与纬缩，不会使纬纱到达时间整体滞后；右侧绞边纱穿错综框影响绞边组织，与纬纱飞行到达时间无关；储纬器绕纱过多影响退绕阻力，通常造成张力波动而非单侧到达时间明显滞后。","tier":"基础"},{"id":97,"type":"single","stem":"在织造T/C 65/35混纺纱府绸时，下机坯布经向出现规律性筘路，且筘路间距与钢筘筘齿距一致，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱排列顺序穿错筘齿","钢筘筘齿磨损或弯曲","纬纱张力过大导致纬缩","卷取辊表面有油污打滑"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是筘路疵点的成因判断。筘路间距与筘齿距一致，说明问题出在钢筘本身，筘齿磨损或弯曲会使相邻经纱间隙不均，形成规律性筘路；经纱排列顺序穿错筘齿会造成筘痕或经纱排列不匀，但间距通常与穿综循环对应，不会与筘齿距严格一致；纬纱张力过大主要造成纬缩或边不良，不产生经向规律筘路；卷取辊打滑会造成纬密不匀或稀密路，与筘齿距规律无关。","tier":"基础"},{"id":98,"type":"multi","stem":"织造纯棉细号高密织物时，为减少经纱断头，在经纱上浆和织造工序中可采取的措施有","options":["适当提高浆纱压浆辊压力","适当降低织机车速","适当加大开口高度","适当提高经位置线"],"answer":[0,1],"explanation":"知识点是经纱断头的综合防治。适当提高压浆辊压力可使浆液更好地渗入纱线内部，增加耐磨性，降低断头，正确；适当降低车速可减小经纱反复拉伸与摩擦的剧烈程度，减少断头，正确；开口高度过大会使经纱张力峰值增加、伸长加大，反而容易断头，所以不是减少断头的措施；经位置线过高会改变梭口对称性，使下层经纱张力增大，通常不利于降低断头，故不选。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":99,"type":"single","stem":"某织布工在交接班时发现坯布下机后纬密偏稀，检查织机纬密齿轮配置与工艺单一致，此时应优先核查的是","options":["卷取机构的卷取量是否偏小","送经机构的送经量是否偏大","开口时间是否比工艺规定迟","经纱张力是否比工艺规定小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密控制与卷取机构的关系。纬密齿轮配置正确但坯布纬密偏稀，说明单位长度内卷取量偏小，即卷取机构实际卷取量不足，应优先核查卷取量；送经量偏大会使经纱张力减小、经密变化，但纬密由卷取量决定，不是首要因素；开口时间偏迟影响引纬与布面风格，不直接改变纬密；经纱张力偏小会影响布面平整与纬缩，但纬密偏稀的直接环节仍是卷取量。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":100,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间一台剑杆织机在织制提花坯布时连续出现纬纱被剑头夹断，挡车工先检查了纬纱张力正常、剑头夹持力正常，下一步最合理的处置是","options":["调大纬纱张力后继续开车","检查剑头进出梭口时间是否与开口配合","更换更粗的纬纱后继续开车","降低织机车速后继续开车"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是剑杆织机引纬故障的排查顺序。纬纱张力与夹持力均正常仍夹断纬纱，应检查剑头进出梭口时间与开口时间的配合，配合不当会使剑头与经纱或钢筘相碰而夹断纬纱，这是下一步最合理的处置；调大纬纱张力会使断纬更严重，方向错误；更换更粗纬纱不能解决配合时间问题，且改变品种需重新工艺；降低车速只能暂时减轻冲击，不能消除时间配合错误，属于治标不治本。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":101,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机织造平纹坯布时纬密突然偏大，经查卷取齿轮齿数装错，若实际齿数比工艺齿数少，则纬密会如何变化","options":["纬密偏大，因为卷取量变小","纬密偏小，因为卷取量变大","纬密不变，因为送经量自动补偿","纬密忽大忽小，因为张力波动"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：卷取齿轮齿数与纬密的关系。卷取齿轮齿数少，每纬卷取量小，单位长度内纬纱根数增多，纬密偏大，故A对；B把卷取量与齿数的关系说反；C送经量只影响经纱张力，不能自动校正纬密；D齿数固定时卷取量恒定，不会造成忽大忽小。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":102,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高经密府绸时，为减少经纱断头，下列做法中正确的是","options":["适当降低后梁高度以减小经纱张力","适当提高后梁高度以增大经纱张力","减小开口动程以降低经纱摩擦","增大开口动程以利梭口清晰"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：后梁高度与经纱张力的关系。高经密织物经纱摩擦大，适当降低后梁可减小经纱张力与摩擦，故A对；B提高后梁会增大经纱张力，断头更多；C减小开口动程虽可减小摩擦，但易造成梭口不清、引纬失误；D增大开口动程会加剧经纱摩擦与断头。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":103,"type":"single","stem":"织造涤棉混纺坯布时，布面出现大量星跳疵点，最应优先检查的部位是","options":["开口机构与经纱张力","卷取机构与纬密齿轮","储纬器与纬纱张力","边撑与布边装置"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：星跳疵点的成因。星跳多因开口不清、经纱张力不匀或综框运动异常造成纬纱跳花，故A对；B卷取机构主要影响纬密；C储纬器问题多造成纬缩或缺纬；D边撑问题多影响布边。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":104,"type":"single","stem":"织机在正常运转中突然出现纬纱断头，断头位置在储纬器出口与主喷嘴之间，下列处置中正确的是","options":["停机后清理储纬器出口并重新穿引纬纱","不停机直接在主喷嘴处补入纬纱","关闭主喷嘴继续运转等待自动引纬","将纬纱张力调至最大后继续运转"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬纱断头的处置程序。断头在储纬器出口与主喷嘴之间，必须停机清理并重新穿引，故A对；B不停机补纱会造成缺纬或纬缩；C关闭主喷嘴无法引纬，会连续缺纬；D调大张力会加剧断头。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":105,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造细号高密织物时，为降低经纱断头率，对浆纱工序提出的合理要求是","options":["提高浆纱耐磨性并保持合理伸长","提高浆纱回潮率至最大值","降低浆纱被覆率以增加弹性","减小浆纱张力以增大伸长"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：浆纱质量与织造断头的关系。细号高密织物经纱易磨断，要求浆纱耐磨且伸长合理，故A对；B回潮率过高会使浆膜发粘、开口不清；C被覆率过低使毛羽增多、耐磨差；D张力过小伸长虽大但织造时易松弛。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":106,"type":"single","stem":"在织机上进行纬密齿轮更换后，试织一段布发现纬密仍不符合工艺要求，下一步最合理的做法是","options":["核对工艺单确认纬密齿轮齿数与卷取常数","继续更换更小齿数的齿轮试织","调整经纱张力后重新试织","改变开口时间后重新试织"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬密调整的规范步骤。更换齿轮后仍不符，应先核对工艺单与卷取常数，确认计算或装配是否有误，故A对；B盲目再换齿轮可能越调越偏；C经纱张力不改变纬密；D开口时间影响梭口与引纬，不改变纬密。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":107,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造时布面出现边纬缩，检查发现纬纱在布边处未伸直，下列调整措施中正确的是","options":["适当增大边部经纱张力并检查边撑","减小边部经纱张力并放松边撑","增大主喷嘴压力并减小辅喷嘴压力","降低开口高度并加快引纬速度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：边纬缩的调整。边纬缩多因边部经纱张力不足或边撑不良，应适当增大边部张力并检查边撑，故A对；B减小张力会加剧纬缩；C主辅喷嘴压力配合不当可能造成纬纱飞行不稳，不是边纬缩首选；D开口高度与引纬速度需综合调整，单独降低开口高度不能解决边纬缩。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":108,"type":"single","stem":"在织造车间，挡车工发现织机运转时纬纱频繁断头，检查纬纱本身无质量问题，最应先检查的部件是","options":["纬纱张力器是否夹持过紧","经纱张力是否偏大","卷布辊是否打滑","开口时间是否过早"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬纱断头故障排查。纬纱自身无问题而频繁断头，首要排查纬纱通道上的张力器夹持是否过紧，因为夹持过紧会直接造成纬纱被拉断。经纱张力偏大影响的是经纱断头，与纬纱断头无直接关系。卷布辊打滑影响卷取和纬密，不直接造成纬纱断头。开口时间过早主要影响经纱与纬纱的引纬配合，通常造成纬缩或纬纱被夹断，而非频繁断头，故不是首选。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":109,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造平纹坯布，工艺单要求经密为每10厘米320根，实际下机检验测得每10厘米318根，该批坯布的经密偏差判定应为","options":["在允许范围内，判合格","超出允许范围，判不合格","需返修后再检验","按纬密偏差同样标准判定"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是坯布经密偏差的判定。机织坯布经密允许偏差通常按标准有±1%左右的规定，320根的1%约为3.2根，实测318根偏差约0.6%，在允许范围内，判合格。判不合格的偏差阈值远大于此，故错。经密偏差不属于返修项，返修针对织疵而非密度微小偏差，故错。纬密与经密偏差允许范围不同，不能套用，故错。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":110,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现坯布表面出现规律的方形小孔，孔眼位置沿经向呈周期性分布，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱上有规律性的粗节","纬纱张力周期性波动","卷取齿轮周期性缺齿","经纱张力器周期性松动"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是织疵成因分析。方形小孔沿经向周期性出现，说明卷取或送经机构存在周期性故障，卷取齿轮缺齿会造成卷取量周期性突变，从而形成周期性方孔，故正确。经纱粗节造成的是经向粗节疵点，不是方孔。纬纱张力波动影响纬纱排列，形成纬向疵点。经纱张力器松动影响张力均匀性，形成张力不匀或经缩，不形成规律方孔。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":111,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在交接班时发现织机经纱张力偏小，布面出现经缩，正确的处置顺序是","options":["先调整张力后开车再观察布面","先停车检查送经机构再调整张力","先加大纬密再观察经纱状态","先更换经轴再重新穿经"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是经缩疵点的处置程序。经缩多因经纱张力偏小或送经机构异常所致，正确程序是先停车检查送经机构是否正常，确认原因后再调整张力，避免带病运转扩大疵点。先调整后开车观察属于边开边试，可能使疵点延续，故错。加大纬密与经缩成因无关，故错。更换经轴是处理整批经纱问题的手段，经缩未必需要换轴，直接换轴属过度处置，故错。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":112,"type":"single","stem":"织机开口机构中，综框运动规律直接影响梭口清晰程度，若梭口不清晰导致纬纱引入困难，最应调整的是","options":["开口时间与综框动程","卷取速度与纬密","经轴制动与送经量","边撑位置与布幅"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是开口机构与梭口清晰度。梭口不清晰主要由开口时间不当或综框动程不足造成，调整开口时间和综框动程可改善梭口清晰度，故正确。卷取速度与纬密影响的是织物密度和卷取量，不解决梭口清晰问题。经轴制动与送经量影响经纱张力，间接影响但非首要调整项。边撑位置影响布幅和边部织疵，与梭口清晰度无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":113,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现纬向出现一条明显的稀路，该处纬纱排列比正常稀疏，最可能的原因是","options":["该处经纱张力突然增大","该处纬纱张力突然减小","卷取机构在该处瞬时打滑","该处综框动程瞬时增大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是稀路的成因。纬向稀路是纬纱排列突然变稀，通常由卷取机构瞬时打滑导致该处卷取量异常增大，从而纬纱间距变大，故正确。经纱张力增大影响经向排列，不直接造成纬向稀路。纬纱张力减小会使纬纱松弛，造成纬缩而非稀路。综框动程增大影响梭口和经纱，不直接造成纬向稀疏。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":114,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在巡视中发现织机边部经纱频繁断头，布边出现毛边，最应优先检查的是","options":["边撑位置与刺环状态","综框动程与开口时间","卷取齿轮与纬密齿轮","纬纱张力器夹持力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是布边织疵与边部经纱断头的排查。边部经纱断头和毛边多与边撑位置不当或刺环卡死有关，边撑控制布幅和边部张力，故应先检查。综框动程和开口时间影响梭口，与边部断头无直接关系。卷取齿轮和纬密齿轮影响纬密，不造成边部断头。纬纱张力器影响纬纱，不造成经纱边部断头。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":115,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布下机后检验发现经向有规律的条痕，条痕处经纱排列比正常密，最可能的原因是","options":["经轴整经时该处经纱排列过密","纬纱张力周期性波动","卷取机构周期性打滑","综框动程周期性变化"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是经向条痕的成因。经向条痕处经纱偏密，多因整经工序该处经纱排列过密所致，属经纱准备工序遗留问题，故正确。纬纱张力波动造成纬向疵点。卷取机构打滑造成纬向稀路或密路。综框动程变化影响梭口，不改变经纱排列密度。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":116,"type":"multi","stem":"织造车间发现坯布出现纬缩疵点，下列处置措施中正确的有","options":["检查纬纱张力是否偏小并适当加大","检查开口时间是否与引纬配合不当","检查卷取机构是否打滑并修复","检查边撑位置是否偏移并校正","检查经轴制动是否过松并调整"],"answer":[0,1],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩疵点的成因与处置。纬缩是纬纱在布面中卷曲回缩，主因是纬纱张力偏小或开口时间与引纬配合不当，故检查并加大纬纱张力、调整开口时间正确。卷取机构打滑造成纬向稀密路，不造成纬缩。边撑位置偏移影响布幅和边部，不造成纬缩。经轴制动过松影响经纱张力，与纬纱回缩无直接关系。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":117,"type":"single","stem":"剑杆织机在正常运转中纬纱断头后，织机自动停车，挡车工首先应处理的操作是","options":["直接按下启动按钮继续开车","找出断纬位置并清除织口内残纬后再开车","先把经纱全部放松再找断纬","加大纬纱张力后重新开车"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是断纬处理程序。纬纱断头后织口内可能残留一段纬纱，必须先找到断纬位置并清除残纬，否则开车会造成缺纬或纬缩疵点。直接开车会带入残纬；放松经纱与断纬处理无关；加大张力不能解决残纬问题。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":118,"type":"single","stem":"某批平纹坯布下机后检验发现纬密比工艺设计值偏小，在织机其他参数不变的情况下，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取齿轮换用齿数偏多的齿轮","卷取齿轮换用齿数偏少的齿轮","经纱张力调得过小","梭口高度调得过大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密与卷取机构的关系。纬密偏小说明单位长度内纬纱根数少，即卷取量偏大，换用齿数偏多的卷取齿轮会使卷取速度加快、纬密减小。齿数偏少会增大纬密；经纱张力偏小主要影响梭口和经缩；梭口高度过大主要影响经纱断头。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":119,"type":"single","stem":"在织造过程中发现布面出现规律性的纬向条纹，且条纹间距与织机曲轴一转的周期一致，最可能的故障部位是","options":["经轴制动带松动","卷取辊表面有局部凹凸","纬纱张力器弹簧失效","综框吊带松紧不一致"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是织机周期性疵点的判断。疵点间距与曲轴一转周期一致，说明每转卷取量出现一次波动，多与卷取辊表面局部凹凸或卷取机构偏心有关。经轴制动带松动造成经纱张力波动；纬纱张力器失效影响纬纱张力；综框吊带不一致影响开口清晰度。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":120,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在巡台中发现某台织机运转时发出周期性撞击声，且伴有布面纬缩增多，下列检查顺序中最合理的是","options":["先查纬纱张力器，再查卷取齿轮","先查开口机构，再查经轴制动","先查打纬机构，再查纬纱通道","先查卷取机构，再查经纱张力"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是织机异常声响与纬缩的联合诊断。周期性撞击声多来自打纬机构，而打纬异常会直接影响纬纱被打紧的程度，导致纬缩增多，因此先查打纬机构再查纬纱通道最合理。纬纱张力器、卷取齿轮、开口机构、经轴制动与撞击声的关联性较弱。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":121,"type":"single","stem":"在调整织机经纱上机张力时，若张力过大，最容易直接引起的后果是","options":["经纱断头率上升","纬纱断头率上升","纬密明显增大","布幅明显变宽"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是上机张力对经纱的影响。上机张力过大使经纱在开口和打纬时承受的附加张力增大，断头率上升。纬纱断头主要与纬纱张力及引纬机构有关；纬密由卷取机构决定；布幅会因张力过大而变窄而非变宽。","tier":"基础"},{"id":122,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机引纬时纬纱到达时间比设定值偏晚，在喷嘴压力正常的情况下，下列调整中最可能有效的是","options":["适当提前主喷嘴喷射时刻","适当延后主喷嘴喷射时刻","降低辅助喷嘴供气压力","减小纬纱张力器阻力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是喷气引纬到达时间的调节。纬纱到达偏晚说明引纬速度不足或起始喷射滞后，适当提前主喷嘴喷射时刻可使纬纱更早启动，到达时间提前。延后喷射会使其更晚；降低辅助喷嘴压力会减慢引纬；减小张力器阻力虽有助于引纬，但不是针对到达时间的主要调节手段。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":123,"type":"single","stem":"在坯布检验中，发现布面存在一段纬纱未与经纱交织而浮于布面的疵点，这种疵点通常称为","options":["缺纬","纬缩","跳纱","稀纬"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是常见织疵的定义。跳纱是指纬纱未与经纱正常交织而浮在布面上，属于交织不良。缺纬是整根纬纱缺失；纬缩是纬纱在布边或布面起圈；稀纬是纬密局部偏小。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":124,"type":"single","stem":"在织机运转中，若发现布边出现连续性的边纬缩，下列处理措施中最恰当的是","options":["减小边撑对布边的握持力","适当增大纬纱张力并检查边撑状态","降低织机转速以减小振动","加大经纱上机张力后继续开车"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是边纬缩的成因与处理。边纬缩多因边撑握持不良或纬纱张力不足造成，适当增大纬纱张力并检查边撑状态是正确思路。减小边撑握持力会加重边纬缩；降低转速不能解决边撑或张力问题；加大经纱张力与边纬缩无直接关系。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":125,"type":"single","stem":"关于纬密控制，下列说法中正确的是","options":["纬密只由纬纱线密度决定","纬密由卷取机构和纬纱线密度共同决定","纬密只由经纱张力决定","纬密只由织机转速决定"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是纬密的决定因素。纬密既与卷取机构决定的单位长度卷取量有关，也与纬纱线密度有关，二者共同决定实际纬密。纬纱线密度、经纱张力、织机转速单独都不能决定纬密。","tier":"基础"},{"id":126,"type":"multi","stem":"在坯布下机检验中，下列哪些情况应判定为需要返修或降等的织疵","options":["布面存在连续三根以上的缺纬","布边有轻微毛边但未影响幅宽","布面有规律性纬缩且间距与曲轴周期一致","布面有少量分散的纬纱接头","经纱上有少量不影响布面的飞花附着"],"answer":[0,2],"explanation":"知识点是织疵判定。连续三根以上缺纬属于严重缺纬疵点，需返修或降等；规律性纬缩且与曲轴周期一致说明织机存在周期性故障，属于需处理的织疵。轻微毛边未影响幅宽、少量分散纬纱接头、少量不影响布面的飞花附着一般不影响评级。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":127,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间挡车工在交接班时发现织机经纱断头自停装置失灵，按规程应首先采取的措施是","options":["继续开机并加强人工巡视","停机后挂检修牌并通知机修工","调高经纱张力使断头更易触发自停","在自停装置触点间垫入薄纸片增强接触"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：织机安全操作与设备异常处置程序。正确项对在：自停装置属于安全防护装置，失灵必须停机挂牌并通知专业人员检修，不能带病运行。错误项A错在自停失灵仍继续开机，断头后经纱会织入布面造成大量疵布且无人发现；错误项C错在调高张力会加剧经纱断头，且不能恢复自停功能；错误项D错在垫纸片是临时凑合，会改变触点间隙造成误动作或失效，属于掩盖隐患而非排除故障。"},{"id":128,"type":"single","stem":"某纯棉平纹坯布设计经纬密为经密524根/10cm、纬密283根/10cm，检验时实测经密为520根/10cm，按常规允许偏差判断该批经密","options":["超出允许范围判为降等","在允许偏差内判为合格","需重新取样加倍检验再定","应折算公定回潮率后再判定"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：坯布经纬密允许偏差的判定。正确项对在：棉本色布经密偏差一般允许在-1.5%左右，524根/10cm对应约7.9根的下偏差，实测少4根仍在范围内。错误项A错在把正常波动当超差降等；错误项C错在只有结果处于临界或数据异常时才加倍抽样，此处未到临界；错误项D错在密度是物理根数指标，与回潮率折算无关，回潮率影响的是重量指标。"},{"id":129,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中梭口清晰度差、上层经纱与下层经纱在综框处摩擦起毛，最可能的原因是","options":["开口时间过迟导致梭口不清晰","经位置线偏高使下层经纱张力过大","综框提升高度不足或开口量偏小","纬纱张力过大拉紧梭口"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：梭口形成与开口工艺参数。正确项对在：开口量偏小或综框动程不足时上下层经纱间距小，摩擦加剧起毛。错误项A错在开口时间迟早影响的是打纬与梭子飞行配合，不是梭口清晰度的直接成因；错误项B错在经位置线偏高主要改变上下层张力分配，不会直接造成综框处摩擦起毛；错误项D错在纬纱张力与梭口上下层经纱摩擦无关。"},{"id":130,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在巡回中发现布面出现规律性每纬一根的纬缩疵点，检查引纬系统时首先应关注","options":["纬纱退绕张力是否过大","储纬器定长是否偏短","边撑刺环是否磨损","卷布辊卷取张力是否偏小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：纬缩疵点成因与引纬参数排查。正确项对在：每纬一根的规律性纬缩多因储纬器定长偏短，纬纱长度不足以在布边处伸直而形成圈缩。错误项A错在纬纱张力过大会加重断纬而不是形成规律纬缩；错误项C错在边撑刺环磨损影响边部布面质量，不产生每纬一根的纬缩；错误项D错在卷取张力偏小影响纬密和卷装，与纬缩形态无直接对应。"},{"id":131,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间使用的经纱上浆率对织造效率影响很大，纯棉细特纱常规上浆率控制范围大致为","options":["2%~4%","6%~10%","15%~20%","25%~30%"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：经纱上浆率与纱线特数的对应关系。正确项对在：纯棉细特纱（如14.6tex以下）常规上浆率约6%~10%，兼顾增强与耐磨。错误项A错在2%~4%偏低，多用于粗特纱或股线；错误项C错在15%~20%偏高，易造成浆膜脆硬、落浆增多；错误项D错在25%~30%属严重过浆，织造时经纱发脆断头反而增加。"},{"id":132,"type":"single","stem":"多臂织机织造斜纹组织时，纹板钉植错误会导致组织错乱，检查纹板应以","options":["纹板首端第一块对应第一纬","纹板末端最后一块对应第一纬","纹板中间一块对应第一纬","纹板顺序与纬序相反安装"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：多臂机纹板穿钉与纬序对应关系。正确项对在：纹板首端第一块对应第一纬，这是纹板排列的基本约定，顺序错了整个组织循环位移。错误项B错在末块对首纬会把组织循环整体倒序，形成与设计相反的斜纹方向；错误项C错在中间块对首纬无依据，会造成组织错乱；错误项D错在纹板顺序与纬序相反安装是错误做法，会织出与工艺单不符的组织。"},{"id":133,"type":"single","stem":"织机停台后重新开车，布面在开车痕处出现一段纬密偏稀，最有效的预防措施是","options":["开车前适当增加卷取张力","开车时先低速运转再逐步升速","开车前将织口位置调整到与停台前一致","开车后立即加大纬纱张力"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：开车痕成因与织口位置控制。正确项对在：停台后经纱蠕变使织口位置偏移，开车前把织口调整到停台前位置，可消除开车段纬密不匀。错误项A错在增加卷取张力会改变纬密整体，不能针对性解决开车段偏稀；错误项B错在低速起步只减少冲击，不能消除织口偏移造成的稀纬；错误项D错在纬纱张力与纬密稀密无直接因果关系。"},{"id":134,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现经向出现一条连续的、比正常经纱粗的纱线，且颜色略深，该疵点应判定为","options":["经缩","粗经","经柳","错经"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：坯布经向疵点分类与特征。正确项对在：粗经是某根经纱特数偏大或并线未分开，表现为连续偏粗且色泽偏深。错误项A错在经缩是经纱起圈或收缩，表现为经向呈波浪状而非单根偏粗；错误项C错在经柳是经纱排列不匀形成的条影，是整片而非单根；错误项D错在错经是经纱穿综或排列错误，表现为组织位置错乱而非粗细变化。"},{"id":135,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间温湿度控制中，纯棉织造相对湿度一般控制在","options":["45%~55%","60%~70%","75%~85%","88%~95%"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：织造车间温湿度与纱线断头率的关系。正确项对在：纯棉织造相对湿度60%~70%时经纱强力与伸长配合较好，断头率低。错误项A错在45%~55%偏干，经纱发脆、毛羽增多、断头上升；错误项C错在75%~85%偏湿，纱线易缠结、机件锈蚀；错误项D错在88%~95%过湿，织造困难且影响工人健康与设备寿命。"},{"id":136,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在布面检验中发现纬向有规律的每若干纬出现一条稀纬，且间隔与卷布辊周长对应，最可能的原因是","options":["卷布辊偏心或卷取齿轮缺齿","纬纱退绕张力波动","经纱张力周期性变化","边撑刺环周期性磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：卷取机构故障与纬密周期性疵点。正确项对在：卷布辊偏心或卷取齿轮缺齿会造成卷取量周期性变化，稀纬间隔与卷布辊周长对应。错误项B错在纬纱退绕张力波动多造成纬缩或断纬，不产生与卷布辊周长对应的稀纬；错误项C错在经纱张力周期变化影响经密和布面平整，不直接造成规律稀纬；错误项D错在边撑刺环磨损影响边部，不产生全幅规律稀纬。"},{"id":137,"type":"single","stem":"织机织造高密府绸时，打纬阻力明显增大，最合理的工艺调整是","options":["降低后梁高度减小经纱张力","提前开口时间使打纬时梭口闭合","适当增大打纬动程并提高经纱张力","减小纬纱张力以利打紧"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：高密织物打纬工艺参数的配合。正确项对在：高密织物打纬阻力大，适当增大打纬动程并提高经纱张力可使纬纱打紧、纬密达标。错误项A错在降低后梁高度会减小上层经纱张力，打纬更打不紧；错误项B错在提前开口时间会使打纬时梭口闭合过早，经纱与钢筘摩擦加剧；错误项D错在减小纬纱张力会使纬纱更难打紧，反而产生稀纬。"},{"id":138,"type":"single","stem":"某喷气织机织造纯棉平纹坯布时纬密实测偏大，在织机其他参数不变的情况下，应优先调整下列哪个工艺参数","options":["适当降低卷取速度","适当提高卷取速度","适当降低主喷嘴压力","适当提高经纱张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为纬密控制与卷取速度的关系。纬密偏大说明单位长度内纬纱根数过多，提高卷取速度可使相同时间织出的布更长，从而降低单位长度纬密，故B正确。A降低卷取速度会使纬密更大；C主喷嘴压力主要影响引纬效果，不直接决定纬密；D经纱张力影响织口和打纬，不是调节纬密的首选参数。"},{"id":139,"type":"single","stem":"在检验坯布时发现布面出现规律性边撑疵，疵点位置集中在布边约两厘米范围内且每匹都有，最有效的处理措施是","options":["更换边撑刺环并校正边撑伸幅","降低纬纱张力后重新开车","提高经纱上机张力后落布","调整卷布辊压力使布面平整"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为边撑疵的成因与处置。边撑疵多因边撑刺环磨损或伸幅不当造成，更换刺环并校正伸幅可直接消除，故A正确。B纬纱张力主要影响纬缩和纬向疵点，与边撑疵无直接关系；C经纱上机张力影响经向断头和经缩，不能修正边撑刺伤；D卷布辊压力影响卷装平整，不解决边撑刺环刺伤布边的问题。"},{"id":140,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造高密府绸时断经频繁，经检查经纱片纱张力均匀，开口清晰，综框运动正常，此时应重点检查下列哪一项","options":["经纱与综丝、钢筘的摩擦部位是否起槽","纬纱引纬到达时间是否偏早","卷取齿轮齿数是否与纬密匹配","主电机皮带张力是否偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为断经原因排查。片纱张力、开口和综框均正常时，断经多由经纱通道部件磨损起槽刮断经纱造成，故A正确。B引纬时间影响纬向疵点和纬停，不造成断经；C卷取齿轮影响纬密，与断经无直接关系；D主电机皮带张力影响车速和运转稳定性，不是断经的直接原因。"},{"id":141,"type":"single","stem":"关于织机经位置线的调整，下列说法正确的是","options":["经位置线越高，打纬时经纱张力越大","经位置线越低，打纬时经纱张力越大","经位置线高低对打纬张力没有影响","经位置线只需在穿筘时调整一次"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为经位置线与打纬张力的关系。经位置线升高使梭口下层经纱更接近走梭板，打纬时经纱被拉伸程度增大，张力增大，故A正确。B方向相反；C经位置线直接影响打纬时经纱张力和布面丰满度；D经位置线随品种和上机参数变化需要重新调整，不是一次固定。"},{"id":142,"type":"single","stem":"在织造过程中发现经纱断头后织机立即停车，挡车工处理断经时应首先做的是","options":["找到断经头并按原穿综顺序穿入综丝和钢筘","直接开车让断经纱自行带入织口","把断经头接长后随意穿入相邻综丝","先落布再处理断经以避免疵点"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为断经处理程序。断经后必须按原穿综、穿筘顺序恢复，才能保证织物组织正确，故A正确。B直接开车会造成缺经疵点；C穿入相邻综丝会改变组织，形成错经；D落布不能代替断经处理，且会扩大疵点。"},{"id":143,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造涤棉混纺织物时，布面出现大量经缩疵点，经检查经纱张力偏小、开口不清，正确的调整方向是","options":["适当提高经纱上机张力并检查开口清晰度","降低经纱上机张力使开口更轻快","加大纬纱张力以拉直经纱","减小卷取量使经纱排列更密"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为经缩疵点的成因与调整。经缩多因经纱张力不足、开口不清造成，应提高上机张力和改善开口，故A正确。B降低张力会加重经缩；C纬纱张力不能拉直经纱，方向错误；D卷取量影响纬密，不解决经缩。"},{"id":144,"type":"single","stem":"关于织物经纬密的表示方法，下列表述正确的是","options":["经密是指单位长度内纬纱的根数","纬密是指单位长度内纬纱的根数","经密和纬密均以每平方米根数表示","经密是指钢筘的筘号"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为经纬密的定义。纬密是单位长度内纬纱根数，经密是单位长度内经纱根数，故B正确。A把经密定义反了；C经纬密通常以10厘米内根数表示，不是每平方米；D筘号是钢筘规格，与经密有关但不是经密本身。"},{"id":145,"type":"single","stem":"某织机在织造过程中纬纱在布边处频繁出现纬停，检查发现纬纱到达布边时明显滞后，下列调整最合理的是","options":["适当提前引纬时间并检查主喷嘴压力","适当延后引纬时间并降低主喷嘴压力","提高经纱张力并加快卷取速度","降低纬纱张力并减小开口高度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为纬停与引纬到达时间的关系。纬纱到达滞后应提前引纬时间并检查主喷嘴压力是否足够，故A正确。B延后引纬和降低压力会使到达更迟；C经纱张力和卷取速度不改变纬纱到达时间；D降低纬纱张力不利于引纬伸直，开口高度与到达时间无直接关系。"},{"id":146,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在巡检时发现布面出现一段经向条痕，条痕处经纱排列明显稀疏，最可能的原因是","options":["部分经纱断头后未及时处理造成缺经","纬纱混批造成纬向色差","卷取齿轮磨损造成纬密不匀","边撑刺环磨损造成布边刺伤"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为经向条痕的成因。经纱稀疏条痕多因断经未及时处理形成缺经，故A正确。B混批纬纱造成纬向色差或纬档；C卷取齿轮磨损造成纬密不匀，表现为纬向；D边撑刺环磨损造成布边疵点，不形成经向稀疏条痕。"},{"id":147,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织制平纹坯布时，经纱断头后织机停台，挡车工接好断经再开车前，应对该处纬纱做的处理是","options":["直接开车让织机自动补入新纬纱","把断经处对应的那根纬纱抽掉再开车","在断经处补入一段与纬纱同色同细度的纱线","将断经处的织口用剪刀剪齐后再开车"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：断经停车后织口处理。正确项对在：接好断经后，断经处会残留一根未与经纱交织的纬纱，必须抽掉该根纬纱再开车，否则形成缺经疵点。A错在自动补纬不能消除已浮在织口中的那根残纬；C错在补纱线并不能替代抽掉残纬，反而造成错纬；D错在剪齐织口不能去除浮纬，仍会留下缺经。"},{"id":148,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉细布时，经密偏高、纬密偏低，若要同时保证总经根数和成品幅宽不变，正确的调整方向是","options":["增加每筘齿穿入数并降低筘号","减少总经根数并提高纬密","提高筘号并降低每筘齿穿入数","降低筘号并提高纬密"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点：筘号、穿入数与经密的关系。经密=筘号×每筘齿穿入数÷幅宽系数，降低筘号可使经密下降、总经根数不变时幅宽不变；同时提高纬密可补足总紧度。A错在增加穿入数会提高经密，方向相反；B错在减少总经根数会改变总经根数条件；C错在提高筘号会继续提高经密。"},{"id":149,"type":"single","stem":"某挡车工发现布面出现规律性“稀纬”横档，间隔与织机主轴一转一致，最可能的原因是","options":["卷布辊卷取张力过大","纬纱张力器弹簧失效","经纱张力器松动","筘座动程调整不当"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：纬密不匀的故障判断。纬纱张力器弹簧失效会使每纬打纬时纬纱退绕阻力不稳定，形成与主轴一转一致的稀纬横档。A错在卷布张力过大主要引起经纱断头或布面起皱；C错在经纱张力器松动影响经向张力，不会造成规律性稀纬；D错在筘座动程不当影响打纬力，通常造成全幅纬密整体偏差而非逐纬规律稀纬。"},{"id":150,"type":"single","stem":"在GA747型剑杆织机上织制中厚织物，纬纱为涤棉混纺，停车后再开车时出现“开车稀弄”疵点，正确的处置是","options":["开车前先低速运转几转再转入正常速度","开车前手动增加一次打纬","开车前把卷布辊放松半圈","开车前把经纱张力调小一档"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：开车稀弄的产生与防止。停车时经纱蠕变伸长，再开车瞬间打纬力不足会形成稀弄，先低速运转几转可使张力恢复均匀再升速。B错在手动额外打纬会打乱纬密计数；C错在放松卷布辊会使织口位置变动，加剧稀弄；D错在调小经纱张力会使织口更松，稀弄更严重。"},{"id":151,"type":"single","stem":"坯布下机后检验时，发现布面有规律性的“方眼”疵点，即经纬纱交织处空隙明显偏大，下列检查项目中最应先排查的是","options":["纬纱捻度是否偏高","经纱张力是否偏大","筘齿磨损与筘号是否匹配","卷布辊直径是否偏小"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：方眼疵点的成因。方眼多因筘齿磨损、筘号与穿入数不匹配使经纱排列间隙过大所致，应优先查筘齿。A错在纬纱捻度偏高主要影响纬向缩率和手感；B错在经纱张力偏大主要造成断经和布幅偏窄；C为正确项；D错在卷布辊直径影响卷取张力而非经纬交织空隙。"},{"id":152,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布边出现“烂边”疵点，边纱频繁断头，下列原因中最直接的是","options":["边纱穿综顺序错误","边撑刺环伸出量过大","纬纱引纬时间偏早","经纱总张力偏小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：烂边的机械原因。边撑刺环伸出量过大会刺伤边纱，造成边纱断头和烂边。A错在穿综顺序错误主要影响组织而非边纱断头；C错在引纬时间偏早影响纬纱交接，通常造成纬缩；D错在总张力偏小使布面松弛，不会直接刺断边纱。"},{"id":153,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布检验时发现纬纱排列不匀，呈现“密—稀—密”周期性横档，检查纬密齿轮和卷取机构均正常，下一步应重点检查","options":["经纱张力器是否松动","卷布辊是否打滑","纬纱退绕张力是否波动","筘座是否松动"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：纬密不匀的排查顺序。纬密齿轮和卷取正常时，周期性横档多因纬纱退绕张力波动导致每纬打纬时纬纱张力不一致。A错在经纱张力器松动造成经向问题；B错在卷布辊打滑造成整体卷取不匀而非周期性；D错在筘座松动影响打纬力均匀性，通常表现为全幅纬密偏差。"},{"id":154,"type":"single","stem":"在织机上处理“纬缩”疵点时，若疵点集中在布幅一侧，最可能的原因是","options":["该侧边撑位置不当","纬纱捻度整体偏低","经纱张力整体偏大","卷布辊卷取过紧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬缩疵点的位置判断。纬缩集中在布幅一侧，多因该侧边撑位置不当使纬纱回缩。B错在捻度整体偏低会造成全幅纬缩；C错在经纱张力偏大影响经向；D错在卷取过紧影响卷布而非单侧纬缩。"},{"id":155,"type":"single","stem":"某厂织制涤纶长丝织物时，挡车工发现布面出现“经缩”疵点，即经纱呈波浪状起伏，下列原因中最可能的是","options":["经纱张力过大","经纱张力过小","纬纱张力过大","卷布辊卷取过紧"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：经缩疵点的成因。经纱张力过小会使经纱在织口中松弛，形成波浪状经缩。A错在张力过大易断经而非经缩；C错在纬纱张力过大影响纬向；D错在卷取过紧会使布面紧，不产生经缩。"},{"id":156,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机织造纯棉平纹坯布时纬缩疵点突然增多，检查主喷嘴压力正常，最应先检查的部位是","options":["纬纱剪刀的剪切时间","储纬器鼓风压力与纬纱张力","钢筘的筘齿磨损量","卷取辊的表面包覆层"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬缩多因纬纱飞行时张力不足或退绕不畅，储纬器鼓风压力偏低或张力盘设置不当会造成纬纱松弛入纬，故应优先检查储纬器鼓风压力与纬纱张力。纬纱剪刀剪切时间异常会造成纬纱切断不良而非纬缩；筘齿磨损主要影响经纱排列和筘痕；卷取辊包覆层影响纬密均匀性而非单根纬纱入纬状态。"},{"id":157,"type":"single","stem":"在GA747剑杆织机上织造涤棉混纺纱卡，要降低纬密，正确的调整方式是","options":["增大卷取齿轮齿数并相应调整纬密变换齿轮","减小卷取齿轮齿数并相应调整纬密变换齿轮","只调换纬密变换齿轮，卷取齿轮不变","加快卷取辊转速，保持纬密变换齿轮不变"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"纬密的改变通过纬密变换齿轮（也称纬密齿轮）来调节，更换该齿轮即可改变卷取速度从而改变纬密，卷取齿轮不需同时更换。增大或减小卷取齿轮齿数会改变整个卷取传动比且不属标准调纬密方式；只加快卷取辊转速而不改变换齿轮无法精确控制纬密。"},{"id":158,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高密府绸时，为减少筘痕和边撑疵，边撑刺环的选用原则是","options":["选用粗刺、大直径刺环","选用细刺、小直径刺环","选用粗刺、小直径刺环","选用细刺、大直径刺环"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"高密织物经纱排列紧密，边撑刺环应选用细刺、小直径，以减少对边部经纱的损伤并均匀握持。粗刺会刺伤经纱形成边撑疵；大直径刺环握持力分散、边部控制差，均不利于高密织物的边部质量。"},{"id":159,"type":"single","stem":"织机停机后重新启动时发现第一根纬纱未被打紧形成稀纬，最合理的处置是","options":["直接继续开车，稀纬段后续整理","开车前先打一梭并检查纬纱张力","停车位置调整到综平位置再开车","降低织机转速后直接开车"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"停机再启动时第一纬常因张力建立不稳而打不紧，规范做法是开车前先打一梭（或点动打纬）确认纬纱张力正常后再连续运转，可避免稀纬。直接开车会固定形成稀纬疵点；停车位置调整与纬纱张力建立无直接关系；降速开车不能解决第一纬张力不足的问题。"},{"id":160,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布检验时发现纬密实测值比设计值偏大，在织造参数中应优先核查的是","options":["经纱张力设定值","纬密变换齿轮齿数","开口时间迟早","主喷嘴喷射时间"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬密由卷取机构的纬密变换齿轮决定，实测纬密偏大说明卷取量偏小，应核查变换齿轮齿数是否与工艺要求一致。经纱张力影响经缩和幅宽；开口时间影响梭口清晰度；主喷嘴喷射时间影响引纬质量，三者均不直接决定纬密。"},{"id":161,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中织机突然停车，经纱断头自停装置动作，挡车工首先应做的是","options":["直接开车观察断头位置","打开经纱断头自停装置查找断头","先关闭主电机再查找断头","拉动纬纱使纬纱退出梭口"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"经纱断头自停装置动作后，应打开该装置并查找断头位置，找到后接好经纱再开车。直接开车可能造成更多断头或织疵；关闭主电机属停机操作而非查找步骤；拉纬纱退出梭口是处理纬向故障的做法，与经纱断头无关。"},{"id":162,"type":"single","stem":"喷水织机织造锦纶长丝时，纬纱飞行不稳定、经常出现缺纬，下列检查项中与缺纬关系最小的是","options":["水泵柱塞磨损情况","喷嘴孔径是否堵塞","纬纱测长盘是否打滑","综框提升高度是否一致"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"缺纬主要由引纬系统异常引起，水泵柱塞磨损、喷嘴堵塞、测长盘打滑均直接导致纬纱飞行无力或长度不足。综框提升高度不一致影响梭口清晰度和经纱张力，主要造成跳纱、星跳等经向疵点，与缺纬关系最小。"},{"id":163,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间织造细号高密织物时，布面出现大量星跳疵点，工艺上最有效的改善措施是","options":["适当提早开口时间","适当推迟开口时间","降低经纱上机张力","增大主喷嘴压力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"星跳多因梭口不清、纬纱被经纱夹住造成，适当提早开口时间可使梭口在打纬前充分开清，减少星跳。推迟开口会加剧梭口不清；降低经纱张力使梭口更模糊；增大主喷嘴压力影响引纬而非梭口清晰度。"},{"id":164,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布边出现规律性烂边，检查发现边撑刺环转动灵活，最可能的原因是","options":["边撑刺环刺入深度过深","边撑刺环刺入深度过浅","纬纱剪刀剪切时间过晚","卷取辊压力过大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"边撑刺环刺入过浅时对边部握持不足，布边回缩造成烂边。刺入过深会形成边撑疵而非烂边；纬纱剪刀剪切过晚造成纬纱端部过长或纬缩；卷取辊压力过大影响卷取均匀性，不直接造成规律性烂边。"},{"id":165,"type":"multi","stem":"某织机织造纯棉斜纹坯布时布面出现跳纱疵点，下列排查方向中合理的有","options":["检查经纱张力是否偏小","检查开口时间是否与引纬配合不当","检查纬纱张力是否过大","检查综丝是否磨损或脱落","检查卷取辊是否打滑"],"answer":[0,1,3],"explanation":"跳纱多因梭口不清或经纱张力不足造成，经纱张力偏小、开口时间与引纬配合不当、综丝磨损脱落都会使经纱开口不清而跳纱。纬纱张力过大主要造成纬缩或断纬；卷取辊打滑影响纬密均匀性，二者不是跳纱的常见成因。"},{"id":166,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机织造纯棉平纹坯布时纬纱频繁出现纬缩疵点，检查主喷嘴气压正常、纬纱张力器无异常，下一步应优先检查哪个部位","options":["辅助喷嘴的喷射定时与气压","经纱张力后梁高度","卷取齿轮的齿数配置","开口踏盘的角度相位"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬缩多因纬纱飞行不到位或引纬气流衰减所致，辅助喷嘴负责接力引纬，其定时和气压异常最常见；经纱张力主要影响经向断头和布面经缩，卷取齿轮决定纬密，开口踏盘影响梭口清晰度，均不直接造成纬缩。"},{"id":167,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间测得下机坯布实际纬密为设计纬密的1.05倍，在卷取机构传动比不变的条件下正确的调整方向是","options":["增大卷取齿轮的齿数使卷取加快","减小卷取齿轮的齿数使卷取变慢","提高经轴制动张力压低纬密","调快织机转速改变打纬力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"实际纬密偏大说明单位长度内纬纱根数过多，即卷取量偏少，应减小卷取齿轮齿数使卷取变慢、纬密下降；增大齿数会卷取更快使纬密更小，经轴张力和织机转速不改变卷取传动比，不能定量修正纬密。"},{"id":168,"type":"single","stem":"某批涤棉混纺坯布经检验发现布面有规律的横向色档，每隔固定长度出现一条颜色深浅不同的横条，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱批次混用或换筒时纱支差异","经纱穿综顺序出现错穿","钢筘筘齿磨损导致经纱排列不匀","卷布辊表面不平造成布卷起皱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"有规律的横向色档与纬向原料变化对应，换筒、换批时纱线色泽或混纺比不一致是典型成因；错穿综和筘齿磨损造成的是经向条痕或经纱稀密不匀，卷布辊不平会造成布卷皱而非横向色档。"},{"id":169,"type":"single","stem":"在织机上处理断经停台时，挡车工确认断头位置在综框后方靠近经轴处，正确的接头操作顺序是","options":["先找断头经纱、穿综穿筘、再与经轴端纱打结","先与经轴端纱打结、再穿综穿筘、最后拉紧纱尾","先穿筘、再穿综、最后与经轴端纱打结","先打结、再一起穿综穿筘、最后整理纱尾"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"综框后方断经应先从织口侧找出断头纱头，按原穿综穿筘顺序恢复通路后再与经轴侧纱尾对接打结，才能保证经纱走向和张力正确；先打结会使纱线无法穿过综筘，先穿筘后穿综顺序颠倒，均无法恢复正确织造路径。"},{"id":170,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现布面存在大量经向跳纱疵点，经纱在若干纬纱处未与纬纱交织而浮在布面，排除经纱断头后应重点检查","options":["综框是否因开口不清导致经纱未进入梭口","纬纱张力器是否过紧造成纬纱回弹","卷取辊是否打滑造成纬密波动","主喷嘴气压是否偏低造成引纬不足"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经向跳纱多因经纱未按开口规律进入梭口，综框开口不清、综丝磨损或经纱粘连都会造成；纬纱张力过紧、卷取打滑和主喷嘴气压偏低分别影响纬缩、纬密和引纬，不直接产生经纱浮于布面的跳纱。"},{"id":171,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造高密府绸时经向断头率突然升高，检查发现断经多集中在布幅两侧，最可能的原因是","options":["边撑刺环磨损或边撑位置不当造成边经纱被割断","经轴制动张力整体偏小导致经纱松弛","综框开口高度整体偏大导致经纱拉伸过度","车间相对湿度偏低导致经纱回潮率下降"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"断经集中在布幅两侧是边撑装置异常的典型特征，刺环磨损或位置不当会直接损伤边经纱；经轴张力整体偏小、开口高度偏大和湿度偏低虽然也影响断头，但造成的断经分布不会如此集中在两侧。"},{"id":172,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉细平布时，为控制经纱断头率，车间相对湿度一般应控制在下列哪个范围较为适宜","options":["45%～55%","60%～70%","75%～85%","30%～40%"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纯棉纱在相对湿度60%～70%时回潮率适中、强力较高且不易脆断，是织造常用范围；45%～55%偏低易使棉纱发脆断头增多，75%～85%过高易造成纱线粘连和锈蚀，30%～40%明显偏干断头率更高。"},{"id":173,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工在交接班时发现上一班留下的坯布布边出现严重豁边，正确的处置方式是","options":["直接继续织造并在下班时统一记录","先检查边撑和纬纱张力并调整后再开车","降低织机转速继续织造观察布边变化","加大卷取张力把豁边部分拉平"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"豁边多因边撑位置不当、纬纱张力过大或布边组织设计问题，应先停机检查边撑和纬纱张力并调整，确认正常后再开车；直接续织会持续产生疵布，单纯降速不解决成因，加大卷取张力会加剧布边损伤。"},{"id":174,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布经纬密时，正确测量纬密的部位应选在","options":["距布边5厘米以内的布边区域","布幅中间避开布边和疵点的正常区域","布匹最末端靠近卷布辊处","有纬缩疵点集中的区域"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬密测量应选布幅中间无疵点、无布边影响的正常区域，才能代表整匹坯布的真实纬密；布边区域受边组织影响密度不同，布匹末端可能受卷取张力影响，疵点区域密度失真，均不能作为测量部位。"},{"id":175,"type":"single","stem":"某台剑杆织机织造时纬纱在剑头交接处频繁断头，检查剑头夹持力正常、纬纱张力适中，下一步应重点检查","options":["储纬器退绕张力是否波动","经纱张力是否偏大","卷取齿轮是否磨损","综框提升高度是否一致"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"剑杆引纬时纬纱断在交接处，除剑头夹持力和纬纱张力外，储纬器退绕张力波动会造成纬纱瞬时过紧而断；经纱张力、卷取齿轮和综框高度分别属于经向和卷取系统，不直接造成纬纱在剑头交接处断头。"},{"id":176,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现规律性经缩疵点，经纱呈波浪状起伏，检查经轴张力均匀、开口清晰，最可能的原因是","options":["送经机构送经量不足导致经纱张力过大","卷取机构卷取量过大导致纬密偏小","综框运动时间与打纬时间配合不当","纬纱退绕张力过小造成纬纱松弛"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经缩波浪状疵点多因经纱张力过大或送经量不足，使经纱在交织时无法正常屈曲而被拉直后回弹；卷取量过大会造成纬密偏小而非经缩，综框与打纬配合、纬纱张力分别影响梭口和纬向，不产生经缩。"},{"id":177,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间一名挡车工在巡台时发现布面出现规律性纬缩，且纬缩位置与织机主轴每转一周对应一次，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱张力过大导致纬纱回弹","引纬器夹持力偏小造成纬纱滑脱","梭口闭合时间与纬纱到达时间配合不当","卷取张力偏大拉紧纬纱"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"纬缩按主轴周期规律出现，说明是开口与引纬的时间配合问题，纬纱到达时梭口已开始闭合，纬纱被夹住形成纬缩，正确项为梭口闭合与纬纱到达配合不当；纬纱张力过大会造成断纬而非规律性纬缩；夹持力偏小是滑脱断纬的表现；卷取张力偏大影响纬密和经纱张力，不直接造成周期纬缩。"},{"id":178,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造平纹坯布，经纱密度为 520 根/10cm，实测经向织缩率为 6%，若坯布下机经密要达到 520 根/10cm，则浆轴经纱密度应最接近","options":["520 根/10cm","551 根/10cm","489 根/10cm","545 根/10cm"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"经纱在织造中产生织缩，浆轴经密需按织缩率放大，520×(1+6%)≈551 根/10cm；520 未计织缩；489 是按缩小方向计算；545 放大比例不足。"},{"id":179,"type":"single","stem":"某织机在织造高密织物时纬纱频繁在布边处断头，检查发现边撑刺环刺入过深，正确的处置是","options":["换用刺齿更长的边撑刺环以增强握持","适当减小边撑刺入深度并检查边撑位置","降低纬纱张力以减少断头","提高织机转速使纬纱快速通过边部"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"边撑刺入过深会割伤或拉断边部纬纱，应减小刺入深度并校正边撑位置；换更长刺齿会加重损伤；降低纬纱张力不能解决刺伤问题；提高转速会加剧边部断头。"},{"id":180,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间织造涤棉混纺纱卡其，纬纱为 28tex，织机转速 600r/min，开口时间设定为 290°，若引纬到达时间偏晚，最直接的后果是","options":["纬纱在梭口中被经纱夹住形成纬缩","纬纱被边撑刺伤断头","经纱被钢筘打弯形成筘痕","卷取辊打滑造成纬密偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"引纬到达时间偏晚，梭口已开始闭合，纬纱被经纱夹住形成纬缩；边撑刺伤是边撑问题；筘痕与钢筘打纬有关；卷取辊打滑影响纬密但不直接由此产生。"},{"id":181,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在操作喷气织机时发现纬纱到达对侧布边的时间不稳定，时早时晚，最应先排查","options":["主喷嘴气压是否波动","钢筘筘齿是否磨损","卷取辊是否缠绕回丝","经轴制动带是否过紧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"喷气引纬靠气流输送纬纱，主喷嘴气压波动直接造成纬纱到达时间不稳定；钢筘磨损影响打纬和布面；卷取辊缠回丝影响卷取；经轴制动带过紧影响经纱张力。"},{"id":182,"type":"single","stem":"某企业在织造过程中发现布面出现经向条痕，条痕处经纱排列比两侧明显稀疏，最可能的原因是","options":["某几根经纱断头后未及时接上形成缺经","纬纱张力过大把经纱拉偏","边撑握持力过大使布边收缩","卷取张力过小造成布面松弛"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经向稀疏条痕是缺经的典型表现，断经未接造成该处经纱缺失；纬纱张力过大影响纬缩；边撑握持力影响布边；卷取张力小造成布面松弛起皱。"},{"id":183,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在检查坯布纬密时，用纬密镜在布面同一段测得纬密为 236 根/10cm，而工艺要求为 240 根/10cm，偏差在允许范围内，正确的处理是","options":["立即调整卷取齿轮改变纬密","记录数据并按正常流程放行","停机检查送经机构是否故障","提高织机转速补偿纬密不足"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬密偏差在允许范围内属正常波动，记录并放行即可；调整卷取齿轮会造成过度矫正；送经机构故障会带来其他疵点；提高转速不改变纬密设定。"},{"id":184,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造细号高密织物时，挡车工发现综框运动时有异常声响且开口不清，经检查为综丝磨损严重，此时正确的处置顺序是","options":["先降速运行观察再决定是否更换综丝","先停机更换磨损综丝再重新对织轴","先加大经纱张力使开口清晰再观察","先调整开口时间再检查综丝"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"综丝严重磨损会造成开口不清和异常声响，应停机更换并重新对织轴，避免批量疵布；降速运行不能消除磨损；加大经纱张力会加剧断经；调整开口时间不解决综丝磨损。"},{"id":185,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在交接班时核对纬纱使用记录，发现本班纬纱消耗量明显低于理论用量而产量正常，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱实际支数比工艺设定偏粗","纬密实际偏小导致用纱减少","织机转速实际高于设定","经纱张力偏大导致织缩增加"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬密偏小会直接减少单位长度坯布的纬纱用量，产量正常而纬纱消耗偏低应怀疑纬密不足；纬纱偏粗会增加用量；转速偏高会增加产量和用量；经纱张力偏大影响织缩不直接减少纬纱用量。"},{"id":186,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间织造纯棉平纹坯布时布面出现大量纬缩疵点，下列排查方向中合理的有","options":["检查纬纱张力是否偏小","检查梭口闭合时间是否过早","检查引纬器夹持力是否不足","检查卷取机构是否打滑","检查边撑刺环是否刺入过深"],"answer":[0,1,3],"explanation":"纬缩的常见原因是纬纱张力偏小、梭口闭合过早夹住纬纱、卷取打滑使纬纱未拉直，这三项应排查；引纬器夹持力不足主要表现为纬纱滑脱断纬，不是纬缩主因；边撑刺入过深造成边部断纬而非纬缩。"},{"id":187,"type":"single","stem":"织造府绸坯布时发现布面呈现经向条纹，拆布分析确认纬密符合工艺要求而经密偏大，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱张力设定偏大导致纬纱屈曲增加","经纱张力设定偏小导致经纱屈曲增加","筘齿穿入数比工艺卡规定多穿了一根","卷取齿轮搭配使下机纬密偏大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是经密控制与穿筘。经密偏大而纬密正常，说明单位宽度内经纱根数增加，通常是筘齿穿入数多于工艺规定。经纱张力偏小会使经纱屈曲增大、布面丰满，但不改变经密根数；纬纱张力偏大影响纬缩和布幅；卷取齿轮影响纬密而非经密。"},{"id":188,"type":"single","stem":"某织机突然出现纬纱断头频繁，检查发现纬纱通道有飞花积聚且张力器刻度与工艺卡一致，正确的下一步处置是","options":["加大纬纱张力补偿断头损失","清洁纬纱通道并重新引纬试织","降低织机转速以减小纬纱冲击","更换纬纱批号后继续开机生产"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是纬向断头异常判断。张力器刻度正常而通道积飞花，说明断头由通道阻力增大引起，应先清洁通道再试织确认。加大张力会加剧断头；降速只是掩盖问题；换批号在未确认原因前属于盲目处置。"},{"id":189,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时在布面同一纬向位置连续出现规律性纬缩，间隔与织机每转一周对应，最应优先检查的部位是","options":["开口时间与经纱张力配置","纬纱储纬器释放圈数设定","卷取辊与压布辊的握持状态","边撑刺环的伸出量与刺尖状态"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩成因辨析。纬缩规律与织机每转一周对应，说明与引纬释放动作相关，应优先查储纬器释放圈数。开口时间影响纬纱飞行但多表现为全幅或局部不规则；卷取握持影响纬密均匀；边撑影响布边和幅宽。"},{"id":190,"type":"single","stem":"上机时按工艺卡将经纱张力调至规定值后开车，发现布面经向跳纱增多且经纱断头集中在中部，最可能的原因是","options":["综框高度不一致造成中部开口不清","经轴盘片松动导致经纱排列紊乱","后梁位置偏高使经纱张力整体偏小","停经片穿错造成经纱相互缠绕"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是开口不清与跳纱。中部断头集中且跳纱多，常因综框高度不一致使中部开口不清、纬纱飞行受阻。经轴盘片松动影响全幅经纱；后梁偏高主要改变整体张力；停经片穿错会引发停经误动作而非集中跳纱。"},{"id":191,"type":"single","stem":"用往复移动式测长法测坯布纬密时，正确的操作顺序是","options":["先量取一定长度再数纬纱根数并换算","先数纬纱根数再量取对应长度并换算","先称量布样重量再按面密度换算纬密","先测布幅宽度再按总纬纱根数换算纬密"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密测定程序。往复移动式测长法要求在布样上先量取规定长度，再逐根数出该长度内的纬纱根数，最后换算成每十厘米根数。先数后量会因长度不确定而使结果失真；称重法测的是面密度；测幅宽得到的是幅宽而非纬密。"},{"id":192,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布边一侧出现规律性烂边，检查边撑刺环转动灵活、纬纱张力正常，最可能的原因是","options":["边撑刺环伸出量过大刺破边纱","绞边纱张力过小导致边纱松弛","废边纱穿法错误使边纱被卷入","纬纱剪刀剪切断面不齐形成毛边"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是烂边成因。边撑灵活、纬纱张力正常时，烂边多因绞边纱张力过小使边纱松弛、被综框或钢筘打烂。刺环伸出量过大会造成边部破洞，废边穿法错误影响废边而非布边，剪刀断面不齐形成毛边而非烂边。"},{"id":193,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布下机后测得经密符合要求、纬密偏小，翻看卷取机构发现卷取齿轮齿数比工艺卡少一齿，正确的处置是","options":["按工艺卡更换卷取齿轮后重新上机","加大纬纱张力使纬纱排列更紧密","调小卷取辊压紧力以增加卷取量","提高织机转速以缩短每纬卷取时间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密与卷取齿轮搭配。纬密偏小说明每纬卷取量偏大，齿轮齿数少一齿改变了传动比，应按工艺卡更换齿轮。纬纱张力影响纬缩而非纬密根数；压紧力调整影响布面平整；转速不改变每纬卷取量。"},{"id":194,"type":"single","stem":"织机停车后重新开车，发现开车痕处纬密明显大于正常值，正确的处置是","options":["开车前先手动盘车数转再慢速启动","开车时先松开卷取机构再逐步压紧","开车后立即加大经纱张力拉直纬纱","开车前将卷取齿轮临时换小一齿"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是开车痕与纬密控制。停车期间纬纱在织口处堆积，直接开车会造成开车痕，应先手动盘车数转使织口位置恢复再启动。开车时松开卷取会加剧密档；加大经纱张力不能消除堆积；临时换齿轮会破坏纬密整体均匀。"},{"id":195,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现纬向有一段纬纱颜色明显深于相邻部分，拆布确认该段纬纱支数偏粗，正确的判定是","options":["纬纱错支造成的纬向色档","经纱排列不匀造成的经向色档","纬密变化造成的纬向稀密档","经纱张力波动造成的云织疵点"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是色档与错支辨析。纬纱颜色深且支数偏粗，说明用了错支纬纱，属纬向错支色档。经向色档沿经向延伸；稀密档表现为纬密变化而非颜色；云织是经纱张力波动造成的布面不匀。"},{"id":196,"type":"single","stem":"织造高密府绸时发现布面经向出现规律性筘路，检查钢筘筘齿无损伤，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱张力过大使筘齿磨损加快","筘齿穿入数分配不当形成筘痕","综框开口高度不一致造成跳纱","经轴退绕张力波动造成经缩"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是筘路与穿筘。钢筘无损伤而出现规律筘路，多因筘齿穿入数分配不当，使局部经纱密度差异形成筘痕。经纱张力过大影响断头；综框高度影响开口；经轴退绕波动造成经缩而非筘路。"},{"id":197,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中经纱断头后停经装置未动作，经纱继续织入形成缺经，最可能的原因是","options":["停经片重量与经纱支数不匹配","停经架位置过高使停经片抬起","经纱张力过大使停经片被压住","停经片穿法错误造成经纱缠绕"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是停经装置失灵。停经片重量与经纱支数不匹配时，断头后停经片不能及时落下接通电路，造成漏检。停经架位置影响灵敏度但非首要；张力过大不会压住停经片；穿法错误会引发误停而非漏停。"},{"id":198,"type":"multi","stem":"坯布下机检验时发现布面同时存在经缩和纬缩，以下处置措施中正确的有","options":["检查经纱张力是否偏小并适当加大","检查纬纱张力是否偏小并适当加大","检查卷取辊握持力是否不足并调整","检查边撑伸出量是否过大并适当减小","检查综框开口时间是否过晚并调整"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点是经缩与纬缩的综合处置。经缩多因经纱张力偏小，应适当加大经纱张力；纬缩多因纬纱张力偏小，应适当加大纬纱张力；卷取握持力不足会使布面松弛产生缩皱，应调整卷取辊。边撑伸出量过大造成边部破洞而非缩皱；开口时间过晚主要影响纬纱飞行和跳纱。"},{"id":199,"type":"single","stem":"上机时发现纬纱在引纬过程中频繁断头，经检查纬纱张力装置刻度与工艺单一致，最应先排查的部件是","options":["纬纱制动器夹持片磨损情况","主喷嘴气压设定值","经纱张力后梁高度","卷取齿轮啮合间隙"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬纱断头且张力刻度正常时，制动器夹持片磨损会造成实际夹持力波动，是常见原因；主喷嘴气压影响引纬但通常先表现为纬缩或纬停，不是断头首查项；后梁高度影响经纱张力，与纬纱断头无直接关系；卷取齿轮间隙影响纬密均匀，不造成纬纱断头。"},{"id":200,"type":"single","stem":"某织机在运行中出现纬缩疵点，检查发现主喷嘴气压正常、纬纱无断头，此时最应进一步检查的是","options":["储纬器绕纱圈数是否偏多","纬纱到达侧是否提前","开口时间是否过迟","经纱张力是否过小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"纬缩多因纬纱到达侧过早或引纬力不足，主喷嘴气压正常时应查纬纱到达时间；储纬器绕纱圈数偏多影响退绕阻力，不是纬缩首选；开口时间过迟影响纬纱被夹持，但通常伴随纬停；经纱张力过小影响布面平整，不直接造成纬缩。"},{"id":201,"type":"single"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面粗糙度","检查综丝磨损程度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬缩疵点与纬纱性能关系。纬缩多与纬纱捻度偏高、退绕张力不足有关，更换批号后应优先检查纬纱本身；经轴制动带影响经纱张力；卷取辊粗糙度影响卷取均匀性；综丝磨损影响经纱开口而非纬缩。"},{"id":222,"type":"single","stem":"织机停车后再开车时，为防止开车稀弄，正确的操作是","options":["先打一纬再恢复正常引纬","先让织机空转数转再加纬","开车前将钢筘推至织口再启动","开车前适当增加经纱张力后启动"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点：开车稀弄的防止。停车后经纱松弛，开车前适当增加经纱张力可减少稀弄；先打一纬再引纬会打乱顺序；空转数转不解决张力松弛；开车前推钢筘至织口会与打纬机构冲突。"},{"id":223,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现经向出现连续不断的细条痕且位置固定，最可能的成因是","options":["某根经纱张力异常","纬纱排列不匀","卷取辊表面压痕","边撑刺环磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：经向条痕的成因。固定位置的经向连续条痕通常由某根或某组经纱张力异常引起；纬纱排列不匀形成纬向疵点；卷取辊压痕形成横向规律疵点；边撑刺环磨损形成布边刺痕。"},{"id":224,"type":"single","stem":"某车间一台织机生产的坯布纬密持续低于工艺要求，经检查卷取机构正常，下一步应重点检查","options":["纬密变换齿轮齿数是否正确","经纱上机张力是否偏大","开口时间是否过早","梭子飞行是否平稳"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬密偏差的排查顺序。卷取机构正常时，纬密偏低应检查纬密变换齿轮齿数是否与工艺相符；经纱张力偏大影响经纱而非纬密；开口时间影响梭口；梭子飞行影响引纬质量不直接改变纬密。"},{"id":225,"type":"single","stem":"某台喷气织机在织造纯棉平纹坯布时，纬纱到达右侧布边的时间比设定值晚约15°，而左侧引纬正常，最可能的原因是","options":["右侧主喷嘴气压偏低","左侧主喷嘴气压偏低","右侧辅助喷嘴气压偏高","左侧辅助喷嘴气压偏高"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是喷气引纬中主喷嘴气压对纬纱到达时间的影响。纬纱从左侧主喷嘴喷出，若右侧到达时间偏晚，说明纬纱飞行速度不足，通常与主喷嘴气压偏低有关；右侧辅助喷嘴气压偏低也会影响，但选项中给的是偏高，反而会使飞行加快；左侧主喷嘴气压偏低会使纬纱出发就慢，但题干说左侧引纬正常，故不是主因；左侧辅助喷嘴气压偏高会使纬纱加速，到达应偏早而不是偏晚。"},{"id":226,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间一批细号高密纯棉坯布出现经缩浪纹疵点，经检查织轴经纱张力均匀、开口清晰，最应优先检查的环节是","options":["卷取张力是否过大","卷取张力是否过小","经纱上浆率是否偏高","车间相对湿度是否偏低"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是经缩浪纹的主要成因。经缩浪纹多因卷取张力过小或边撑握持不足导致纬纱排列不匀、经纱回缩；卷取张力过大反而会使坯布紧度增加、不易出现经缩；上浆率偏高会使经纱刚性增大，一般引起脆断或毛羽变化，不是经缩浪纹的首查项；相对湿度偏低易引起经纱脆断和静电，与经缩浪纹无直接因果关系。"},{"id":227,"type":"single","stem":"在织造涤棉混纺细平布时，布面出现大量细小纬缩，纬纱为普梳纱且捻度偏低，最合理的工艺调整是","options":["适当提高纬纱捻度","适当降低纬纱捻度","适当提高经纱张力","适当降低经纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩疵点与纬纱捻度的关系。纬缩常因纬纱捻度偏低、抱合力差、屈曲回缩大而产生，提高纬纱捻度可增加刚度、减少回缩；降低捻度会加重纬缩；经纱张力主要影响经向织缩和布面平整，与纬缩的直接关联小；降低经纱张力更不会改善纬缩。"},{"id":228,"type":"single","stem":"某有梭织机织造中平布时，布边出现规律性豁边，检查发现边纱穿综顺序正确、边撑位置正常，最可能的原因是","options":["边纱根数不足","边纱根数过多","纬纱张力过大","经纱张力过小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是豁边疵点与边纱根数的关系。豁边常因边纱根数不足、边部握持力弱，纬纱无法被有效夹持而脱出；边纱根数过多一般不会引起豁边，反而使边部过紧；纬纱张力过大主要造成纬向断头或布边不平；经纱张力过小影响开口和经缩，不是豁边的直接原因。"},{"id":229,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉府绸时，发现布面出现明显的方眼疵点，经检查综框开口高度一致、经纱排列均匀，最应检查的是","options":["经纱密度是否过小","经纱密度是否过大","纬纱密度是否过小","纬纱密度是否过大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是方眼疵点的成因。方眼多因经纱密度过小或经纱排列不匀，使相邻经纱间隙过大形成方形孔隙；经纱密度过大反而使布面紧密、不易出现方眼；纬密过小或过大主要影响纬向紧度和纬缩，与方眼的直接关联较小。"},{"id":230,"type":"single","stem":"某喷水织机在织造锦纶长丝织物时，布面出现经向条痕，经检查钢筘筘齿排列正常，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱张力差异过大","纬纱张力差异过大","卷取辊表面磨损","卷布辊压力不足"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是经向条痕的主要成因。经向条痕多因经纱张力不匀、经轴退绕张力差异或经纱线密度差异造成；纬纱张力差异主要造成纬向疵点；卷取辊磨损和卷布辊压力不足主要影响卷取均匀性，产生纬向或整体松紧不匀，不是经向条痕的首查项。"},{"id":231,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造高密羽绒服面料时，发现纬纱在布边处频繁断头，检查纬纱强力正常、边撑位置正确，最应优先调整的是","options":["适当减小边撑刺环的握持力","适当增大边撑刺环的握持力","适当降低纬纱张力","适当提高经纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是边撑握持力与纬纱断头的关系。高密织物边部经纱密度大，若边撑刺环握持力过大，会刺伤或拉断纬纱，造成边部纬向断头；增大握持力会加重断头；降低纬纱张力可能使纬纱松弛，但不解决边撑刺伤问题；提高经纱张力与纬纱边部断头无直接关系。"},{"id":232,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间一批纯棉坯布下机后检验，发现布面有规律性纬向横档，每约10厘米出现一次，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取齿轮缺齿或磨损","经轴退绕张力波动","综框开口高度不一致","钢筘筘齿磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是规律性纬向横档的成因。卷取齿轮缺齿或磨损会造成卷取量周期性变化，形成等间距纬向横档；经轴退绕张力波动多造成经向不匀或经缩；综框开口高度不一致主要造成跳纱或经向疵点；钢筘筘齿磨损主要造成经向条痕或筘痕。"},{"id":233,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间织造纯棉平纹坯布时，布面出现纬缩疵点，经初步检查纬纱捻度正常，下列哪些措施有助于减少纬缩","options":["适当提高纬纱张力","适当降低纬纱张力","适当提高经纱张力","检查纬纱通道是否顺畅","适当提高车间相对湿度"],"answer":[0,3,4],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩疵点的综合防治。适当提高纬纱张力可减少纬纱回缩；检查纬纱通道是否顺畅可避免纬纱受阻造成屈曲；适当提高车间相对湿度可减少静电和纬纱回弹。降低纬纱张力会加重纬缩；适当提高经纱张力主要影响经向织缩和布面平整，对纬缩的直接改善作用有限。"},{"id":234,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间上机品种为纯棉平纹坯布，经密设计为 524 根/10cm，纬密设计为 283 根/10cm，现测得下机坯布纬密为 302 根/10cm，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱张力偏大导致纬缩增加","卷取齿轮搭配使卷取量偏小","后梁位置偏高使经纱张力增大","开口时间提前使打纬阻力减小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：纬密的形成取决于卷取量与打纬配合。纬密偏大说明单位长度内打入的纬纱根数增多，即卷取量偏小，卷取齿轮搭配不当会造成这一结果，所以B正确。A纬纱张力偏大通常使布幅收缩、纬密略有增加但属于经纱张力与纬缩问题，不是纬密超标的主因；C后梁偏高影响经纱张力与打纬条件，不直接决定卷取量；D开口提早与打纬阻力相关，不会使纬密规律性增大。"},{"id":235,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在交接班时发现布面出现连续规律性的“边撑疵”，疵点位置距布边约 1cm 且沿经向呈条状，最应先检查的部位是","options":["边撑刺环的刺针是否弯曲或磨损","综框高度是否与工艺规定一致","纬纱张力器是否夹持过紧","卷布辊卷取张力是否过大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：边撑疵由边撑刺环刺针钝化、弯曲或刺入过深造成，属经向规律性条状疵点。A检查刺针状态是针对性处置。B综框高度影响开口清晰度，多造成跳纱、星跳；C纬纱张力器影响纬缩、纬向疵；D卷布辊张力影响卷装与经纱张力，不会形成固定距布边1cm的条状边撑疵。"},{"id":236,"type":"single","stem":"某品种经纱为 14.6tex 纯棉纱，总经根数 4800 根，实测经密为 512 根/10cm，正确的纬密控制做法是","options":["以实测经密为准调整卷取齿轮","以设计纬密为准直接开机生产","先核对筘号与总经根数再定卷取牙","按上一品种的卷取齿轮直接套用"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：纬密与经密、筘号、总经根数、布幅相互关联。经密实测与设计不符时，应先核对筘号与总经根数是否用错，再据此确定卷取齿轮，否则纬密也会偏差。A以实测经密为准调卷取属于倒因为果；B直接开机可能批量产生纬密不符；D套用上品种齿轮忽略品种差异。"},{"id":237,"type":"single","stem":"从织机运转状态判断，布面出现“星跳”疵点，其典型特征是","options":["少数经纱与纬纱交织点未按规律交织，呈小星点状","整幅纬纱排列不匀，呈明显稀密路","布边两侧经纱断裂，形成毛边","纬纱在布面形成连续斜向条纹"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：星跳是开口不清或经纱粘连造成个别交织点未正常交织，呈小星点状。B稀密路是纬密不匀；C毛边是边经断头或边撑问题；D斜向条纹多与纬纱张力或卷取有关，非星跳特征。"},{"id":238,"type":"single","stem":"某喷气织机织造涤棉混纺品种时，纬纱到达右侧布边的到达角偏小，最先应调整的是","options":["主喷嘴气压与喷射时间","卷取齿轮的齿数搭配","后梁高度与经纱张力","综框开口时间与开口量"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：喷气引纬中纬纱到达角取决于主喷嘴气压、喷射时间与辅助喷嘴配合。到达角偏小说明纬纱到达过早，应调整主喷嘴气压或喷射时间。B卷取齿轮影响纬密；C后梁影响经纱张力与打纬；D开口影响梭口清晰度与纬纱飞行通道，不是到达角的直接调节手段。"},{"id":239,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在巡回中发现综框有异响且布面出现整幅经向跳纱，正确的处置顺序是","options":["先关车挂牌，再检查综框连接件与开口机构","先继续运转观察，待交接班时再报修","先调整经纱张力，再检查卷取机构","先降低车速，再检查纬纱张力器"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：综框异响加整幅经向跳纱，说明开口机构可能松动或损坏，存在扩大事故风险，应先停车挂牌再检查。B继续运转会扩大断经与坏布；C经纱张力与卷取不是开口异响主因；D纬纱张力器与整幅经向跳纱无关。"},{"id":240,"type":"single","stem":"某织机织造高密府绸时，打纬阻力明显增大，为改善打纬条件又不改变纬密，可采取的措施是","options":["适当提早开口时间","适当加大卷取量","降低后梁高度","增大纬纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：高密织物打纬阻力大，适当提早开口可使经纱在打纬时张力分布更合理、梭口清晰，改善打纬条件。B加大卷取量会改变纬密；C降低后梁高度主要改变经纱张力与打纬区；D增大纬纱张力会影响纬缩与布幅，不直接改善打纬阻力。"},{"id":241,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造 40S 纯棉斜纹坯布，经密 480 根/10cm、纬密 240 根/10cm，下机检验时发现纬密实测为 228 根/10cm，若卷取齿轮已核对无误，下一步应重点检查","options":["打纬机构的打纬力是否不足","边撑是否刺入过深","综框是否开口过大","经纱张力是否过小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纬密偏小说明单位长度内打入纬纱根数不足，若卷取齿轮正确，应查打纬力是否不足导致纬纱未被打紧。B边撑过深造成边撑疵；C开口过大影响梭口与跳纱；D经纱张力过小影响经缩与开口，不是纬密偏小的直接原因。"},{"id":242,"type":"single","stem":"织布工在操作中需要判断“稀弄”与“稀密路”的区别，下列判断正确的是","options":["稀弄是纬纱排列出现明显空档，稀密路是纬密呈周期性不匀","稀弄是经纱排列不均，稀密路是纬纱排列不均","稀弄是布边组织不完整，稀密路是布面中部组织不完整","稀弄是经向疵点，稀密路是纬向疵点"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：稀弄指纬纱排列出现明显空档，稀密路指纬密周期性不匀，两者均属纬向疵但形态不同。B把稀弄说成经纱排列不均；C与布边组织无关；D稀弄也是纬向疵，不是经向疵。"},{"id":243,"type":"multi","stem":"某织造车间织机频繁出现断纬，织布工在交接班时应重点检查的项目包括","options":["纬纱张力器是否夹持过紧或过松","纬纱通道是否有飞花或回丝阻塞","储纬器是否工作正常","边撑刺环是否刺入过深","综框连接件是否松动"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：断纬的常见原因包括纬纱张力不当、纬纱通道阻塞、储纬器异常。A张力器过紧会拉断纬纱、过松会引纬失败；B通道飞花回丝直接阻碍纬纱；C储纬器异常造成供纬不稳，均正确。D边撑刺入过深造成边撑疵，不直接引起断纬；E综框连接件松动造成开口异常与跳纱，也不是断纬主因。"},{"id":244,"type":"single","stem":"在GA747剑杆织机上织造中厚牛仔布，交接班时发现布边一侧纬纱被剪断后留有较长毛边，正确的调整方向是","options":["提前剪纬时间并调整边剪位置","延后剪纬时间并加大纬纱张力","增大剑头夹持力并降低车速","降低经纱张力并加大开口量"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是剑杆织机边剪与剪纬配合。毛边过长说明剪纬动作滞后于边撑握持，应提前剪纬并调整边剪位置，故正确；延后剪纬会使毛边更长；增大夹持力与毛边长度无直接关系；降低经纱张力与开口量与剪纬时机无关。"},{"id":245,"type":"single","stem":"测定某批坯布纬密时，在布面同一段量得10cm内纬纱根数为236根，工艺规定纬密为240根/10cm，按机织坯布检验惯例该段纬密偏差应判定为","options":["合格，偏差在允许范围内","不合格，需整匹降等","合格，但需标注纬密偏低","不合格，需重新取样测量"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密允许偏差。纯棉及混纺坯布纬密偏差一般允许±2%左右，240根的2%约4.8根，实测差4根在允许范围内，故合格；判定不合格降等过严；标注纬密偏低非标准处理；重新取样仅在测量异常时进行。"},{"id":246,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间织机筘幅为190cm，织造幅宽为160cm的坯布，已知纬纱缩率约为4%，则经纱缩率最接近的取值应为","options":["2%","4%","6%","8%"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是织缩率概念。纬缩率反映纬纱在织造中的屈曲程度，经缩率通常小于纬缩率，在平纹织物中经缩率约为纬缩率的二分之一左右，故取2%较合理；取4%与纬缩率相同偏大；6%和8%明显超出平纹织物经缩常规范围。"},{"id":247,"type":"single","stem":"有梭织机织造时出现\"稀弄\"疵点，即布面局部纬密明显偏稀，检查送经机构正常，最可能的原因是","options":["卷取蜗轮磨损造成卷取量偏小","换梭时纬纱未及时引入","经纱张力突然增大","筘座摆动幅度不足"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是稀弄成因。卷取蜗轮磨损会使卷取量偏小，纬纱排列间距变大形成稀弄，故正确；换梭未引入纬纱形成缺纬而非稀弄；经纱张力增大会影响经向不改变纬密；筘座摆幅不足影响打纬力但不直接改变卷取量。"},{"id":248,"type":"single","stem":"喷水织机织造锦纶长丝织物时，布面出现经向连续的水渍状条纹，检查水质和喷嘴均正常，下一步应重点检查","options":["经纱上机张力是否均匀","水泵柱塞密封是否渗漏","开口时间是否过迟","卷布辊压力是否过大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是喷水织机引纬系统。水泵柱塞密封渗漏会造成水压波动，使纬纱在布面留下水渍状条痕，故正确；经纱上机张力不匀表现为经向条痕但无水渍特征；开口过迟影响梭口清晰度；卷布辊压力过大影响卷取不产生水渍。"},{"id":249,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布经检验发现\"跳纱\"疵点，即纬纱连续跳过数根经纱未与之交织，若排除经纱断头因素，最可能的原因是","options":["开口时间过早导致梭口不清","纬纱张力过大导致纬纱回弹","经纱张力过小导致梭口不清晰","钢筘筘号选择偏大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是跳纱成因。经纱张力过小会使梭口下层经纱下垂、梭口不清晰，纬纱通过时跳过部分经纱形成跳纱，故正确；开口过早会使经纱摩擦增大但不直接造成跳纱；纬纱张力过大造成纬缩；筘号偏大影响纬密不影响交织。"},{"id":250,"type":"single","stem":"在织造高密府绸时，为减少经纱断头，对经纱上机张力与后梁高度的配合调整，正确的做法是","options":["适当降低上机张力并抬高后梁","适当增大上机张力并降低后梁","降低上机张力并降低后梁","增大上机张力并抬高后梁"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是织造工艺参数配合。高密府绸经纱密度大、摩擦点多，适当降低上机张力并抬高后梁可减小经纱摩擦和断头，故正确；增大张力会加剧断头；降低后梁会使梭口下层经纱紧张度增加；增大张力并抬高后梁组合不当。"},{"id":251,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业接到一批要求纬密为320根/10cm的坯布订单，现有织机纬密齿轮配置最高只能达到300根/10cm，正确的处置方式是","options":["更换卷取机构传动齿轮以改变纬密","提高织机车速以增加单位时间纬纱根数","增大经纱张力使纬纱排列更紧密","减少每筘齿穿入数来改变纬密"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬密控制原理。纬密由卷取机构传动比决定，需更换卷取齿轮改变传动比来实现，故正确；提高车速只改变产量不改变纬密；增大经纱张力影响经向；每筘齿穿入数影响经密而非纬密。"},{"id":252,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间一批坯布在验布机上检验时发现边撑疵，即布边处有经纱被拉断形成的缺经，最可能的操作原因是","options":["边撑刺环刺入过深且张力过大","纬纱张力器夹持过松","开口时间设定过迟","卷布辊卷取张力偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是边撑疵成因。边撑刺环刺入过深并伴随张力过大，会拉断布边经纱形成缺经，故正确；纬纱张力松造成纬缩；开口过迟影响梭口；卷布张力偏小造成卷布不齐而非边撑疵。"},{"id":253,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间换批时发现新纬纱比原纬纱粗，若保持纬密牙轮不变直接开机，坯布纬密会出现什么变化","options":["纬密偏大","纬密偏小","纬密不变","纬密先大后小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是纬纱线密度与纬密的换算关系；纬纱变粗后单位长度内可容纳的纬纱根数减少，纬密偏小，故正确项为纬密偏小。纬密偏大是误以为粗纱占位多就密；纬密不变忽略了纱线直径变化对排列根数的影响；纬密先大后小是凭空加入时间因素，换批后密度稳定不会自行变化。"},{"id":254,"type":"single","stem":"某台剑杆织机开车后布面出现规律性纬缩，检查纬纱张力器无异常，下一步应优先检查的部位是","options":["储纬器释放圈数设定","经纱张力后梁高低","卷布辊卷取压力","综框提综时间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩缺陷的排查顺序；规律性纬缩多因储纬器释放圈数不足或释放过早，故优先查储纬器释放圈数。经纱张力后梁影响经向停台和经缩，不直接造成规律纬缩；卷布辊压力影响卷取均匀，通常造成纬密不匀；综框提综时间影响梭口清晰，主要造成跳花或经缩。"},{"id":255,"type":"single","stem":"上机时测得坯布经密为设计值，但下机检验发现经密偏大，最可能的原因是","options":["经纱在织造中产生织缩","纬纱在织造中产生织缩","下机后坯布发生经向回缩","下机后坯布发生纬向回缩"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是坯布下机回缩对经纬密的影响；下机后经向回缩使单位长度内根数增多，经密偏大，故正确。经纱织缩是上机时就存在的因素，不会造成下机后经密突然偏大；纬纱织缩影响纬密；纬向回缩使经密偏小而非偏大。"},{"id":256,"type":"single","stem":"织机在正常运转中突然出现纬纱断头，探纬器未发出停车信号，最先应检查的电气部件是","options":["探纬器灵敏度旋钮位置","主电机皮带松紧","储纬器电磁针间隙","卷取齿轮啮合"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是探纬器失灵导致纬断不关车的排查；探纬器灵敏度偏低会漏检纬纱，故先查灵敏度旋钮。主电机皮带松紧影响转速和停车角度，不会造成漏检；储纬器电磁针间隙影响纬纱释放，不直接决定探纬；卷取齿轮啮合影响纬密，与探纬无关。"},{"id":257,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布检验时发现纬密在布幅两侧比中间偏小，最可能的原因是","options":["边撑刺环磨损握持不足","综框开口时间过早","经纱张力整体偏大","卷布辊卷取张力偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是边撑对纬密均匀性的作用；边撑握持不足使布边回缩，边部纬密偏小，故正确。开口时间过早影响梭口和经缩，不造成边中纬密差异；经纱张力整体偏大影响经密和断头；卷取张力偏小会造成纬密整体偏大而非边中差异。"},{"id":258,"type":"single","stem":"织造纯棉平纹坯布时，为减少纬纱在布边的纬缩，合理的工艺调整是","options":["适当提前纬纱释放时间","适当延后纬纱释放时间","增大纬纱张力器压力","降低经纱上机张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是纬纱释放时间与纬缩的关系；延后释放使纬纱在打纬前有更充分伸直时间，减少纬缩，故正确。提前释放易造成纬缩；增大张力器压力可能拉断纬纱或造成纬纱回弹，不解决边部纬缩；降低经纱张力与纬缩无直接关系。"},{"id":259,"type":"single","stem":"在织机了机后清理经纱通道时，正确的操作顺序是","options":["先松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清晰度；纬纱叉影响纬停灵敏度，与纬密均匀性无直接关系。"},{"id":277,"type":"single","stem":"织造涤棉混纺细布时，布面出现大量纬缩（纬纱呈圈状屈曲），最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱张力过小或纬纱退绕不畅","经纱张力过大造成开口不清","卷取量过大导致纬密偏稀","钢筘筘号选择偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬缩是纬纱在织口内未能伸直就成布，多因纬纱张力过小或退绕阻力大；经纱张力过大影响开口和经向；卷取量过大会使纬密偏稀但不直接产生纬缩；筘号偏大影响筘齿密度和经纱排列。"},{"id":278,"type":"single","stem":"在喷气织机上织造高经密防羽布，经位置线（后梁高度）调整偏低时，对织造的影响是","options":["开口时经纱张力差异增大，断头增多","纬纱飞行通道更稳定，纬停减少","打纬阻力减小，布面更丰满","经纱与综眼摩擦减小，毛羽减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"后梁偏低会使上下层经纱张力差异增大，开口不清且断头增多；纬纱飞行通道主要由异形筘和辅助喷嘴决定；打纬阻力与经纱张力及织物组织有关；后梁偏低不一定减少综眼摩擦。"},{"id":279,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间在织造斜纹织物时，边撑刺环的刺尖方向装反，最可能造成的后果是","options":["布边被向外推，边部经纱断头增多","布边被向内拉，纬纱张力减小","边撑握持力增大，布幅变宽","边撑刺环磨损加快，布面起毛"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"边撑刺环刺尖方向应有利于握持并伸幅，装反后起不到伸幅作用反而向外推挤布边，使边部经纱受力异常而断头；布边不会被向内拉；握持力不会因此增大；刺环磨损不是装反的主要直接后果。"},{"id":280,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布在检验时发现经向有规律的条痕（筘痕），且条痕间距与筘齿间距一致，最可能的原因是","options":["钢筘筘齿排列不匀或筘齿磨损","经纱张力器压力不一致","综框吊综绳松紧不一","卷取棘轮磨损造成卷取不匀"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"筘痕间距与筘齿间距一致，说明问题出在钢筘本身，如筘齿排列不匀或磨损；经纱张力器不一致会造成经向条影但不一定与筘齿间距对应；吊综绳不一致影响开口；卷取不匀造成纬向稀密路。"},{"id":281,"type":"single","stem":"在织造过程中，纬纱叉（纬停装置）安装位置偏高，可能造成的后果是","options":["纬纱断头时不能及时停车，产生缺纬疵布","纬纱张力增大，纬缩增多","纬纱飞行速度加快，纬停减少","经纱断头时不能及时停车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬纱叉位置偏高时，纬纱断头后叉子仍可能被纬纱托住而不下落，导致纬停失灵产生缺纬；纬纱张力由张力器决定；纬纱飞行速度由主喷嘴压力等决定；经纱断头由经停装置控制。"},{"id":282,"type":"single","stem":"某织造车间织造纯棉府绸，经密设计为524根/10cm，实测经密为510根/10cm，在其他条件不变时应","options":["增加每筘齿穿入数或调整筘号","减小卷取量以提高纬密","增大上机张力使经纱伸直","调整后梁高度改变经纱张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"经密偏小说明单位宽度内经纱根数不足，应通过增加筘齿穿入数或选用较大筘号提高经密；卷取量影响纬密；上机张力影响经纱屈曲但不改变经纱根数；后梁高度影响张力分布和布面风格。"},{"id":283,"type":"single","stem":"在织机了机（了轴）操作中，了机后应先做的操作是","options":["将综框、钢筘恢复到上机位置并检查经纱","立即拆下所有经纱并清洗钢筘","直接落下卷布辊并记录产量","关闭主电机后立即拆卸边撑"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"了机后应先将综框、钢筘等恢复到上机位置并检查经纱状态，为下次上机做准备；拆经纱和清洗钢筘应在确认安全并完成必要记录后进行；落布和记录产量是后续步骤；关闭电机后立即拆边撑不符合安全操作顺序。"},{"id":284,"type":"multi","stem":"织造过程中出现纬向停台，经检查纬纱在储纬器处缠绕，正确的处置包括","options":["停车后清除储纬器上缠绕的纬纱","检查纬纱退绕张力是否过大","检查储纬器张力片是否夹持过紧","直接开机让缠绕纬纱自行拉断","调整主喷嘴压力以增大引纬力"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"储纬器缠绕应停车清理，并检查退绕张力和张力片夹持是否过紧，从源头解决；直接开机让纬纱自行拉断会损伤纬纱和机件；主喷嘴压力影响引纬，与储纬器缠绕无直接关系，盲目调整可能造成其他疵点。"},{"id":285,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间将同一批经纱上机时，发现经纱张力片磨损导致个别经纱张力偏小，正确的处置方式是","options":["将该经纱单独穿入停经片后继续织造","更换磨损张力片并重新调整该根经纱张力","加大卷取速度以补偿张力不足","降低纬密设定值以减轻经纱负荷"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是经纱张力异常的处置。磨损张力片会改变单根经纱的张力，必须更换并重新调整，才能恢复均匀张力，故B正确。A单独穿停经片只是让断经停车更灵敏，不能纠正张力；C加大卷取会整体拉紧经纱，反而加剧张力不匀；D纬密与经纱张力无直接关系，降低纬密不能解决张力偏小。"},{"id":286,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现规律性纬缩，每隔固定根数出现一次，首先应检查","options":["引纬器夹持力是否稳定","经纱片纱张力是否一致","卷取齿轮是否有缺齿","边撑是否磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是纬缩缺陷的成因判断。规律性纬缩多与引纬动作周期相关，引纬器夹持力不稳定会造成周期性纬纱回缩，故A正确。B经纱张力不匀多造成经向条影或断经；C卷取缺齿造成纬密周期性变化而非纬缩；D边撑磨损主要造成边部布面不平或边撑痕。"},{"id":287,"type":"single","stem":"织机经纱断头后停车，挡车工处理断经时正确的操作顺序是","options":["先找断头经纱、穿综穿筘、再打结接上","先打结接上、再穿综穿筘、最后找断头","先穿筘、再找断头、最后穿综打结","先打结、再找断头、最后穿筘"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是断经处理标准程序。正确顺序是先确认断头位置，再按原穿综穿筘顺序恢复通道，最后打结接纱并理顺张力，故A正确。B先打结会造成穿综穿筘困难且易错穿；C先穿筘无法确定断头对应筘齿；D同样打结在前，后续穿综筘无法按原路复原。"},{"id":288,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现纬向出现一段密集的“百脚”疵点，最可能对应的织造异常是","options":["纬纱退绕张力突然减小","经纱张力突然增大","卷取机构间歇停顿","开口机构提前提综"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是百脚疵点的成因。百脚是纬纱在布面局部密集堆积，多因纬纱退绕张力突然减小、引纬后未拉直所致，故A正确。B经纱张力增大主要造成经向疵点；C卷取间歇停顿会造成纬密不匀而非局部密集；D开口提前主要影响梭口和纬纱飞行，不直接造成百脚。"},{"id":289,"type":"single","stem":"某机织企业织造高密府绸，为减少经纱断头，合理的工艺调整是","options":["适当降低后梁高度以减小经纱张力","适当提高后梁高度以增大经纱张力","减小开口动程以增大经纱张力","提前开口时间以减小经纱张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是后梁高度与经纱张力的关系。高密府绸经纱密度大、开口不清易断头，适当提高后梁可增大上层经纱张力、改善梭口清晰度，故B正确。A降低后梁会减小张力、梭口不清；C减小开口动程会降低张力而非增大；D提前开口与经纱张力无直接对应关系。"},{"id":290,"type":"single","stem":"织造车间发现坯布下机后幅宽偏窄，经密实测偏大，最有效的调整措施是","options":["减小经纱张力","增大卷取量","增大边撑撑幅力","减小纬密设定"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是幅宽与经密的关系。幅宽偏窄且经密偏大说明经纱排列过密，应通过增大卷取量使单位长度内纬纱根数减少、经纱排列相对变稀，故B正确。A减小经纱张力可能使布面松弛但不改变经密；C增大边撑力只改善边部平整，不改变经密；D减小纬密设定会改变纬密而非经密。"},{"id":291,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转中听到筘座有异常撞击声，同时布面出现筘痕，首先应检查","options":["筘齿是否松动或损坏","经纱张力是否偏小","纬纱退绕是否顺畅","卷布辊是否打滑"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是筘座异常与筘痕的关联。筘座撞击声伴筘痕，多因筘齿松动、损坏或筘夹持不牢，故A正确。B经纱张力偏小造成经向疵点，不产生筘座撞击声；C纬纱退绕顺畅与否影响纬缩；D卷布辊打滑影响卷取量，不造成筘座撞击。"},{"id":292,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现经向条痕，条痕处经纱排列偏稀，最可能的原因是","options":["部分经纱穿错筘齿","纬纱张力偏大","卷取量偏大","开口时间偏晚"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是经向条痕的成因。经纱排列偏稀且呈条状，多因部分经纱穿错筘齿或筘齿间隙不均，故A正确。B纬纱张力偏大主要造成纬向疵点；C卷取量偏大影响纬密；D开口时间偏晚影响梭口清晰度，不直接造成经纱排列偏稀。"},{"id":293,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时发现布边出现“边撑痕”，边部经纱被拉断，正确的处置是","options":["减小边撑撑幅力并检查边撑刺环","增大边撑撑幅力以固定布边","提高纬纱张力以拉直布边","降低经纱张力以放松布边"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是边撑痕与边部断经的处置。边撑痕伴边部断经多因撑幅力过大或刺环损伤，应减小撑幅力并检查刺环，故A正确。B增大撑幅力会加剧边部损伤；C提高纬纱张力不能解决边撑造成的机械损伤；D降低经纱张力会使布面松弛，反而加重边撑痕。"},{"id":294,"type":"multi","stem":"某织机织造斜纹坯布时布面出现纬斜，下列调整措施中合理的有","options":["检查并调整边撑撑幅力两侧是否一致","检查卷取辊两侧压力是否均匀","适当调整经纱张力使两侧一致","增大纬密设定值以纠正纬斜","提高引纬速度以拉直纬纱"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点是纬斜的成因与调整。纬斜多因两侧卷取、边撑或经纱张力不一致，故A、B、C均合理。D增大纬密设定只改变纬密，不能纠正纬斜；E提高引纬速度可能加剧纬纱回缩，不能解决纬斜。"},{"id":295,"type":"single","stem":"织机运转时经纱张力偏大，织出的坯布经向出现连续波浪状不平，最可能的原因是","options":["后梁位置过低","经轴退绕张力过大","综框开口时间过迟","卷布辊卷取张力偏小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"经纱退绕张力过大使经纱过度伸长，织造后回缩形成经向波浪，故B正确；后梁过低主要影响后梭口高度并改变打纬条件，不是这类波浪的主因；开口时间过迟影响纬纱交织与布面匀整，不直接造成经向波浪；卷布张力偏小会使布面松弛、纬纱排列不匀，方向相反。"},{"id":296,"type":"single","stem":"纬密齿轮配置中，若实际纬密低于工艺设计值，在织机其他条件不变时应当","options":["减少卷取齿轮齿数","增加卷取齿轮齿数","调大卷布辊直径","调小经轴制动带压力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬密偏低说明单位长度内纬纱根数不足，需要加大卷取量，卷取齿轮齿数减少可使卷取辊转多、纬密增大，故A正确；增加齿数会进一步降低纬密；调大卷布辊直径改变的是卷布辊表面线速度关系，不是纬密齿轮的调节手段；调小经轴制动带压力只改变经纱张力，不改变卷取量。"},{"id":297,"type":"single","stem":"织造过程中发现布面出现规律性纬缩，且纬缩位置与织机每一转对应，应优先检查","options":["经纱张力是否偏大","纬纱张力器是否过紧","纬纱又是否磨损或夹持不牢","钢筘筘齿是否弯曲"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"与织机每转对应的规律性纬缩多因纬纱在引纬过程中被夹持不稳或释放过早，纬纱叉磨损或夹持不牢是常见原因，故C正确；经纱张力偏大主要造成经向断头和布幅收缩；纬纱张力器过紧会使纬纱被拉断或布边不齐，不是周期性纬缩的典型原因；筘齿弯曲会造成筘痕，与纬缩机理不同。"},{"id":298,"type":"single","stem":"某批坯布检验时发现纬向有密集的、断续的粗节，拆布观察粗节处纬纱直径明显大于正常纱，最可能的原因是","options":["纬纱混入不同批号原料","纬纱张力器张力过小","纬纱通道有飞花积聚","经纱张力过大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"纬纱通道积聚飞花会随纬纱带入形成断续粗节，故C正确；混入不同批号原料会全幅均匀出现色泽或条干差异，不呈断续粗节；张力器张力过小易造成纬缩，不产生粗节；经纱张力过大影响经向，与纬向粗节无直接关系。"},{"id":299,"type":"single","stem":"织机停台后重新开车，布面在开车痕处出现一段纬密明显偏稀，正确的预防处置是","options":["开车前适当增加卷取量再开车","开车前放松经纱张力再开车","开车前将筘座推到最前位置再开车","开车前减少纬纱张力再开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"开车痕纬稀是因为停台期间卷取停顿而开车瞬间打纬尚未同步，开车前适当增加卷取量可补偿这段纬密，故A正确；放松经纱张力会使打纬不实，加重稀纬；将筘座推到最前位置不能补偿卷取量；减少纬纱张力与纬密偏稀无直接补偿关系。"},{"id":300,"type":"single","stem":"检验坯布时用纬密镜测得10厘米内纬纱根数为236根，工艺设计纬密为240根/10厘米，该匹布的纬密偏差率约为","options":["1.7%","2.4%","4.0%","0.4%"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"纬密偏差率=(设计值-实测值)/设计值×100%=(240-236)/240≈1.67%，约1.7%，故A正确；2.4%对应偏差约5.8根，计算不符；4.0%对应偏差约9.6根，不符；0.4%对应偏差约1根，不符。"}]}