{"name":"粗纱工题库","level":"五级 / 四级 / 三级 / 二级 / 一级","org":"人力资源和社会保障部门","count":300,"questions":[{"id":1,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸机构中，罗拉座与罗拉之间需要定期检查的间隙主要作用是","options":["保证罗拉回转灵活并防止绕花","调节牵伸区张力大小","控制锭翼转速高低","决定粗纱捻度大小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是罗拉安装间隙的作用。该间隙用于保证罗拉回转灵活，同时避免纤维嵌入造成绕花，故A正确；牵伸区张力由牵伸倍数和张力装置调节，与罗拉座间隙无关；锭翼转速由传动和工艺设定决定；捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度之比决定。","tier":"基础"},{"id":2,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机上使用四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸时，主牵伸区通常位于","options":["前罗拉与中罗拉之间","中罗拉与后罗拉之间","后罗拉与导条辊之间","前罗拉与导条辊之间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸中，主牵伸区承担主要牵伸任务，位于前罗拉与中罗拉之间，故A正确；中罗拉与后罗拉之间为后牵伸区，牵伸倍数较小；导条辊处不承担牵伸；前罗拉与导条辊之间跨越多个牵伸区，不是单一主牵伸区。","tier":"基础"},{"id":3,"type":"single","stem":"在粗纱机牵伸工艺调整中，适当加大后区牵伸倍数但保持总牵伸不变时，通常会对粗纱质量产生的影响是","options":["后区纤维伸直度提高但主区牵伸负担减轻","主区牵伸负担加大且粗纱条干恶化","粗纱捻度明显增大且锭翼负荷降低","前区摩擦力界减弱且须条易分层"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"后区牵伸倍数适当加大有利于后弯钩纤维伸直，同时使进入主区的须条更均匀，减轻主区牵伸负担，故A正确；主区负担是被减轻而非加大；捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度决定，与后区牵伸倍数无直接对应关系；前区摩擦力界主要由皮圈和罗拉隔距决定，不会因后区牵伸加大而减弱。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":4,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中皮圈销开口隔距偏小时，最可能出现的现象是","options":["皮圈对纤维控制力增强但易造成须条分层","皮圈对纤维控制力减弱且粗纱条干恶化","主牵伸区摩擦力界扩展且牵伸倍数下降","后区牵伸倍数自动增大且捻度升高"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"皮圈销开口隔距偏小会加强对纤维的控制，但过小会使须条在皮圈间受挤压而分层，故A正确；控制力减弱是隔距偏大的表现；摩擦力界扩展是隔距偏大的结果；后区牵伸倍数与捻度不由皮圈销开口隔距决定。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":5,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中粗纱出现规律性粗细节，且周期与后罗拉回转一周相对应，最可能的原因是","options":["后罗拉弯曲或后罗拉齿轮啮合不良","前皮圈跑偏或皮圈张力过松","锭翼压掌磨损或筒管跳动","导条辊表面有毛刺或分条器堵塞"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"规律性粗细节周期与后罗拉回转一周对应，说明故障源在后罗拉或其传动齿轮，故A正确；前皮圈跑偏多造成不规律条干恶化；锭翼压掌和筒管跳动影响卷绕成形而非牵伸条干；导条辊毛刺和分条器堵塞影响喂入均匀但不一定与后罗拉周期对应。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":6,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，操作工将粗纱头直接绕在锭翼顶端再引下，这种做法的直接后果是","options":["锭翼顶端积花增加且影响纱条通道畅通","粗纱捻度自动降低且卷绕张力减小","牵伸区摩擦力界增大且条干改善","筒管转速升高且成形更紧密"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"粗纱头绕在锭翼顶端会造成积花，堵塞纱条通道，故A正确；捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度决定，不会因生头方式改变；牵伸区摩擦力界由牵伸元件决定，与生头方式无关；筒管转速由卷绕机构控制，不会因此升高。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":7,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中突然出现大面积断头，检查发现牵伸区须条明显发毛且皮圈内有短绒积聚，最恰当的下一步处置是","options":["停车清理皮圈积花并检查皮圈张力与跑偏","继续运转并加大牵伸倍数以拉断积花","只降低锭翼转速等待积花自行脱落","关闭导条辊并重新生头后立即开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"皮圈积花会导致须条发毛和断头，应先停车清理并检查皮圈状态，故A正确；加大牵伸倍数会使断头更严重；降低锭翼转速不能清除积花；关闭导条辊无法解决皮圈积花问题且会造成新的异常。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":8,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机捻度齿轮更换后，需要相应调整的工艺参数是","options":["锭翼转速与输出罗拉速度的比值","后区牵伸倍数与罗拉隔距","皮圈销开口隔距与皮圈张力","导条辊速度与分条器位置"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"捻度由锭翼转速与输出罗拉速度之比决定，更换捻度齿轮即改变该比值，故A正确；后区牵伸倍数和罗拉隔距属于牵伸工艺，不直接由捻度齿轮决定；皮圈销开口隔距和皮圈张力属于牵伸元件调整；导条辊速度和分条器位置影响喂入，不决定捻度。","tier":"基础"},{"id":9,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上、下皮圈运行速度不一致时，最可能造成的纱疵是","options":["粗纱条干不匀并出现竹节状粗节","粗纱捻度偏高并出现紧捻纱","粗纱卷绕密度偏大并出现硬边","粗纱重量偏轻并出现细节"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"上下皮圈速度不一致会使纤维运动紊乱，造成条干不匀和竹节粗节，故A正确；捻度偏高与皮圈速度无关；卷绕密度和硬边由卷绕成形机构决定；重量偏轻多为定量或牵伸配置问题，不是皮圈速度不一致的典型表现。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":10,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在牵伸工艺调整中，罗拉隔距的确定主要依据","options":["纤维长度和牵伸区类型","粗纱捻度和锭翼转速","筒管直径和卷绕密度","车间温湿度和皮圈材质"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"罗拉隔距应根据纤维长度和牵伸区类型来确定，以保证对纤维的合理控制，故A正确；捻度和锭翼转速属于加捻卷绕参数；筒管直径和卷绕密度属于成形参数；温湿度和皮圈材质影响生产状态但不作为隔距确定的主要依据。","tier":"基础"},{"id":11,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时，锭翼顶端导纱臂的起始位置应使粗纱在压掌上的包绕弧长保持在约多少","options":["三分之一圈","二分之一圈","四分之三圈","一整圈"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱锭翼导纱臂与压掌的包绕弧长。正确项为四分之三圈左右，可使粗纱张力稳定、压掌磨损均匀。三分之一圈包绕过少，粗纱易滑脱压掌造成飘纱；二分之一圈张力不足，粗纱在高速时易跳槽；一整圈包绕过多，摩擦阻力过大易造成断头或纱条出硬头。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":12,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数的设定主要影响的是","options":["粗纱的条干不匀率","粗纱的捻度大小","粗纱的卷绕密度","粗纱的成形直径"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸倍数的工艺作用。后区牵伸倍数决定纤维在牵伸区的运动状态，过大会造成牵伸波、条干恶化，所以它主要影响条干不匀率。捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度决定；卷绕密度由卷绕张力与升降速度决定；成形直径由筒管尺寸与卷绕机构决定，均与后区牵伸倍数无直接关系。","tier":"基础"},{"id":13,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机正常运转中，发现牵伸区须条在皮辊后方出现间歇性抖动并伴有粗节，最应先检查的部位是","options":["锭翼压掌压力是否偏小","后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","上下皮圈是否跑偏或夹花","筒管齿轮啮合是否过紧"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区异常抖动与粗节的故障点判断。皮圈跑偏或夹花会使须条在牵伸时受间歇性控制不良，产生抖动和粗节，故应首先检查皮圈。压掌压力偏小影响的是加捻卷绕而非牵伸区抖动；后区牵伸倍数偏大虽影响条干，但表现为持续的牵伸波而非间歇抖动；筒管齿轮啮合过紧影响卷绕张力，与牵伸区须条抖动无直接因果关系。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":14,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后，为保持粗纱捻度不变，下列调整正确的是","options":["相应提高前罗拉输出速度","相应降低前罗拉输出速度","保持前罗拉输出速度不变","相应减小锭翼导纱臂包绕弧长"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：捻度与锭速、输出速度的关系。捻度等于锭速除以前罗拉输出线速度，锭速提高时若要捻度不变，必须相应提高前罗拉输出速度。降低前罗拉输出速度会使捻度增大；保持输出速度不变会使捻度增加；导纱臂包绕弧长影响张力与摩擦，不改变捻度计算关系。","tier":"基础"},{"id":15,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中出现大面积连续性细纬状细节，查皮辊、皮圈均正常，接下来最应排查的是","options":["粗纱定量是否偏轻","并条末道牵伸倍数是否偏小","粗纱机后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","粗纱机锭翼转速是否偏低"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：连续性细节的工艺排查顺序。后区牵伸倍数偏大会使后区纤维控制不良，产生周期性或连续性细节，是常见原因。粗纱定量偏轻属定量设定问题，表现为整体偏细而非细节；并条末道牵伸偏小影响熟条质量但不直接产生粗纱连续细节；锭翼转速偏低影响捻度与产量，不产生细节。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":16,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，下列操作顺序正确的是","options":["先开慢速再放下压掌最后加捻生头","先放下压掌再开慢速最后加捻生头","先加捻生头再放压掌最后开慢速","先开慢速再加捻生头最后放下压掌"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱生头操作程序。正确顺序是开慢速使锭翼运转、放下压掌使粗纱进入加捻卷绕、再完成生头，可避免飘纱和断头。先放压掌再开慢速易造成纱条堆积；先加捻生头再放压掌会使纱条在无压掌状态下甩出；最后放压掌则生头时粗纱未被压掌控制，均易断头。","tier":"基础"},{"id":17,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上下皮圈之间应保持的间隙状态是","options":["上圈轻微压在下圈上形成弹性钳口","上下圈完全脱离互不接触","上圈明显压紧下圈形成刚性钳口","上下圈之间留出固定大间隙"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：皮圈牵伸区弹性钳口的形成。上下皮圈应轻微接触形成弹性钳口，既控制纤维又不损伤须条。完全脱离会失去对浮游纤维的控制；明显压紧形成刚性钳口会损伤纤维并产生硬头；留出固定大间隙则纤维控制不良，条干恶化。","tier":"基础"},{"id":18,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运转中发现某锭粗纱直径明显大于相邻锭，捻度正常，最可能的原因是","options":["该锭压掌压力偏小","该锭筒管直径偏小","该锭牵伸倍数偏小","该锭锭翼转速偏大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱直径异常的故障分析。捻度正常说明锭速与输出速度关系正常，直径偏大说明单位时间输出量偏多，即该锭牵伸倍数偏小。压掌压力偏小影响卷绕紧密度而非直径；筒管直径偏小会使卷绕直径偏小；锭翼转速偏大会使捻度增大而非直径增大。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":19,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机采用四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸形式时，主牵伸区位于","options":["前罗拉与中罗拉之间","中罗拉与后罗拉之间","后罗拉与后二罗拉之间","前罗拉与前二罗拉之间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸的主牵伸区位置。四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸中，主牵伸区在前罗拉与中罗拉之间，承担主要牵伸任务。中罗拉与后罗拉之间为后区牵伸；后罗拉与后二罗拉之间为整理区或预牵伸区；前罗拉与前二罗拉之间为前区张力控制区，均不是主牵伸区。","tier":"基础"},{"id":20,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中，筒管卷绕层次出现两端高中间低的凸形卷绕，正确的调整方法是","options":["增大卷绕张力","减小升降动程","增大升降动程","提高锭翼转速"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱成形不良的调整方法。两端高中间低说明升降动程过大，纱层在两端堆积，应减小升降动程使卷绕层次趋于平整。增大卷绕张力会使卷绕更紧但不改变凸形；增大升降动程会加剧凸形；提高锭翼转速影响捻度与产量，不改变成形形状。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":21,"type":"single","stem":"某纺纱厂粗纱工序连续多锭出现大面积断头，断头位置集中在锭翼压掌处，锭速与牵伸均未调整，最应先检查的是","options":["粗纱捻度是否偏小","车间温湿度是否偏低","压掌通道是否起槽或挂花","后区牵伸倍数是否偏大"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：集中断头位置的故障排查。断头集中在压掌处，说明问题在压掌本身，应首先检查压掌通道是否起槽或挂花造成摩擦增大。捻度偏小会造成断头但通常不在压掌集中；温湿度偏低会使纱条发脆断头但位置分散；后区牵伸偏大影响条干，断头位置不集中在压掌。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":22,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸区中后区牵伸倍数通常应控制在","options":["1.2～1.5倍","2.0～2.5倍","3.0～3.5倍","4.0～4.5倍"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"粗纱机后区牵伸属于预牵伸，主要起伸直纤维、减小前区牵伸负担的作用，纯棉品种一般取1.2～1.5倍；取2.0倍以上后区牵伸过大，易造成须条附加不匀和细节；3.0～3.5倍已接近主牵伸区配置，粗纱机后区无法承担；4.0～4.5倍后区牵伸远超粗纱机工艺范围。","tier":"基础"},{"id":23,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌对纱条的作用是","options":["把纱条压紧在锭翼顶端以控制张力","把纱条引导到筒管并施加卷绕张力","把纱条从罗拉钳口处拉出以完成牵伸","把纱条在锭翼臂上缠绕以增加捻度"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"压掌的作用是把经锭翼空心臂导出的纱条压向筒管，使卷绕张力稳定、成形良好；控制张力在锭翼顶端靠的是假捻器而非压掌；从罗拉钳口拉出纱条靠的是前罗拉与锭翼间的张力，不是压掌；增加捻度靠锭子回转，与压掌无关。","tier":"基础"},{"id":24,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现纱条有规律地出现粗节，且粗节间距等于前罗拉周长，最可能的故障环节是","options":["前罗拉弯曲或罗拉表面有损伤","锭翼压掌磨损导致张力波动","后区牵伸齿轮啮合不良","筒管传动齿轮缺齿"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"粗节间距等于前罗拉周长，说明缺陷每转一周重复一次，指向前罗拉本身（弯曲、偏心、表面损伤）；锭翼压掌磨损影响卷绕张力，不会产生与罗拉周长同步的规律粗节；后区牵伸齿轮故障的周期对应后罗拉周长；筒管传动齿轮缺齿影响卷绕成形，与粗节周期不对应。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":25,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，用于控制浮游纤维运动的元件是","options":["集合器","喇叭口","假捻器","上下皮圈"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"上下皮圈组成皮圈牵伸区，对浮游纤维进行弹性握持和引导，是控制浮游纤维的主要元件；集合器的作用是收拢须条、减少边纤维扩散；喇叭口用于须条集束和导入；假捻器用于增加纱条假捻、提高强力。","tier":"基础"},{"id":26,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时纱条出现大面积细节，且细节处捻度偏高，最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸区隔距偏大","粗纱捻系数偏低","前罗拉加压不足","粗纱定量偏重"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"前罗拉加压不足时钳口握持力不够，须条在牵伸力作用下被抽拉，产生细节，同时细节处因截面小捻度偏高；隔距偏大主要影响牵伸不匀和硬头；捻系数偏低影响粗纱强力和后道牵伸，不直接产生细节；定量偏重影响牵伸负荷，不是细节主因。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":27,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，正确的操作顺序是","options":["先启动锭子再喂入纱条","先喂入纱条再启动锭子","先启动罗拉再启动锭子","先启动锭子再启动罗拉"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"落纱生头应先启动锭子使锭翼回转，再喂入纱条，使纱条在张力下被假捻器握持并卷绕；先喂纱再启动锭子会造成纱条堆积、断头；先启动罗拉会使须条在无锭翼张力下涌出；先启动锭子再启动罗拉与正确顺序的差别在于罗拉应随主机联动，单独操作易失控。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":28,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，隔距的确定主要依据是","options":["纤维长度和牵伸倍数","粗纱定量和捻系数","罗拉直径和转速","车间温湿度和原料回潮"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"牵伸隔距应根据纤维长度（主体长度和品质长度）并考虑牵伸倍数来确定，保证纤维在牵伸区中受控；粗纱定量和捻系数影响牵伸力，不是隔距确定的主要依据；罗拉直径和转速是设备参数；温湿度和回潮影响牵伸效果，不决定隔距。","tier":"基础"},{"id":29,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现粗纱条干不匀率突然升高，但牵伸工艺参数未调整，下列排查方向中最应先检查的是","options":["原料换批后的纤维长度变化","车间照明亮度是否足够","锭子转速是否达到设定值","筒管颜色是否一致"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"工艺参数未变而条干突然恶化，最常见的原因是原料换批后纤维长度、细度等性能变化，导致原有隔距不再适应；照明亮度影响操作观察，不直接改变条干；锭子转速影响产量和张力，对条干影响较小；筒管颜色与条干无关。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":30,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时纱条出现硬头，下列调整措施中最直接有效的是","options":["减小前区牵伸倍数","增大后区牵伸倍数","减小粗纱捻系数","增大前罗拉加压"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"硬头是须条在牵伸区中因牵伸力大于握持力而无法正常抽出，增大前罗拉加压可提高钳口握持力，使纤维顺利抽出；减小前区牵伸倍数会改变牵伸分配，不是最直接措施；增大后区牵伸倍数会加重前区负担；减小粗纱捻系数影响粗纱强力，不直接解决硬头。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":31,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸区中后区牵伸倍数一般应控制在下列哪个范围","options":["1.1～1.4倍","1.5～1.9倍","2.0～2.5倍","2.6～3.0倍"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为主牵伸与后区牵伸的分配原则。后区牵伸主要承担部分牵伸并防止须条在牵伸区中过快分散，纯棉粗纱后区牵伸倍数常控制在1.1～1.4倍。1.5～1.9倍偏大，易使须条在后区提前拉断形成粗细节；2.0倍以上后区牵伸过大，纤维变速点分散，成纱条干恶化；2.6倍以上更不适合常规纯棉粗纱后区配置。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":32,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸罗拉加压不足时，最可能出现的牵伸异常现象是","options":["须条在罗拉钳口处打滑，条干出现粗节","须条在牵伸区被过度拉伸，产生大量细节","牵伸区须条张力过小，出现明显飘动","罗拉握持力增大，纤维变速点前移"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为罗拉加压与握持力的关系。加压不足时罗拉对须条的握持力下降，须条在钳口处打滑，牵伸不匀，易产生粗节。过度拉伸产生细节通常是牵伸倍数过大或握持过强导致；张力过小飘动多与牵伸倍数偏小或张力装置有关；握持力增大、变速点前移是加压过大时的表现，与题干相反。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":33,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼顶端假捻器的作用是","options":["对粗纱加捻并卷绕成形","在锭翼顶端对须条施加假捻，减少断头","控制粗纱张力并调节卷绕密度","对粗纱进行二次牵伸并提高条干"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为假捻器功能。假捻器装在锭翼顶端，对进入锭翼的须条施加假捻，增加须条在锭翼通道内的抱合力，减少断头。加捻卷绕成形主要由锭翼和筒管完成；控制张力调节卷绕密度是张力装置和成形机构的功能；二次牵伸并非假捻器作用。","tier":"基础"},{"id":34,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制化纤混纺品种时，为减少须条在牵伸区的静电积聚，通常采取的措施是","options":["提高车间相对湿度并适当降低牵伸速度","降低车间相对湿度并提高牵伸速度","增大后区牵伸倍数并减小罗拉隔距","减小前区牵伸倍数并增大罗拉加压"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为化纤纺纱的静电控制。化纤导电性差，牵伸中易积聚静电，提高相对湿度可加速电荷逸散，适当降低牵伸速度可减少静电产生。降低湿度、提高速度会加剧静电；增大后区牵伸和减小隔距不针对静电；减小前区牵伸、增大加压与静电控制无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":35,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，纤维变速点向前钳口集中有利于","options":["提高粗纱条干均匀度","增大粗纱捻度","降低粗纱张力","提高粗纱卷绕密度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为牵伸理论与条干均匀度。纤维变速点集中在前钳口附近，可使牵伸过程中纤维运动稳定，减少移距偏差，从而改善粗纱条干。捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度决定；张力由张力装置和卷绕机构调节；卷绕密度由成形机构控制，均与变速点位置无直接因果关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":36,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时出现锭翼顶端须条断裂，检查发现假捻器损坏，正确的处置是","options":["更换同规格假捻器并检查锭翼通道","提高锭速以增加假捻效果","降低粗纱捻度以减少断头","加大后区牵伸以改善须条结构"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为假捻器故障处置。假捻器损坏导致假捻失效，须条在锭翼顶端易断，应更换同规格假捻器并检查通道是否挂花。提高锭速不能弥补假捻失效，反而增加断头；降低捻度与断头原因不符；加大后区牵伸会恶化须条结构，不能解决假捻器损坏问题。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":37,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上下胶圈的作用是","options":["控制纤维运动，使变速点集中在前钳口","对须条进行加捻，提高粗纱强度","调节粗纱张力，防止卷绕松弛","对须条进行卷绕，形成粗纱管纱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为胶圈牵伸原理。上下胶圈形成弹性钳口，控制纤维运动，使变速点集中在前钳口附近，改善条干。加捻由锭翼完成；张力调节由张力装置完成；卷绕成形由筒管和成形机构完成，胶圈不承担这些功能。","tier":"基础"},{"id":38,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，粗纱捻系数选择偏大，最可能带来的影响是","options":["粗纱在细纱机上牵伸困难，易出硬头","粗纱在细纱机上牵伸顺利，条干改善","粗纱断头率明显上升，卷绕密度下降","粗纱条干均匀度提高，细节减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱捻系数与细纱牵伸的关系。捻系数偏大，粗纱抱合力过强，细纱机牵伸时纤维不易被拉断，易出硬头。捻系数偏大通常不会使细纱牵伸更顺利；断头率上升与捻系数过小关系更大；条干改善与捻系数无直接正相关，捻系数过大反而可能恶化条干。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":39,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，发现牵伸区须条出现明显飘动且条干变差，检查牵伸倍数和罗拉隔距均正常，下一步应优先检查","options":["牵伸区集合器是否堵塞或位置不当","锭翼假捻器是否磨损","筒管齿轮是否啮合不良","粗纱捻系数是否偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为牵伸区异常排查。牵伸倍数和隔距正常时，须条飘动多与集合器堵塞或位置不当有关，导致须条控制不良。假捻器磨损主要影响锭翼顶端断头；筒管齿轮影响卷绕成形；捻系数偏大影响细纱牵伸，均不直接造成牵伸区须条飘动。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":40,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开机前检查牵伸区时，发现上下胶圈表面有少量油污，正确的处置方式是","options":["用棉纱蘸滑石粉擦净后继续开车","用汽油清洗胶圈后立即开车","用温水软布擦净并晾干后开车","用压缩空气吹掉油污后开车"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈表面清洁直接影响牵伸质量，油污会使须条打滑造成粗细节。温水软布擦净并晾干既能去油又不损伤胶圈。滑石粉只吸油不能去油且残留会污染须条；汽油会溶胀橡胶并易燃；压缩空气只能吹掉浮尘，油膜仍在。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":41,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区后区牵伸倍数由1.25调整为1.35后，细纱工序反映成纱重量不匀增大，最可能的原因是","options":["后区牵伸过大使须条紧密度下降","后区牵伸过大使前区牵伸能力不足","后区牵伸过大使粗纱捻度增加","后区牵伸过大使胶辊压力增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸承担须条解捻与整理，倍数过大会使须条在进入前区前过于松散，紧密度下降导致重量不匀。后区牵伸与胶辊压力、捻度大小无直接对应关系；前区牵伸能力由前区配置决定，不会因后区改变而不足。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":42,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中锭翼出现周期性异响并伴粗纱张力忽大忽小，应优先检查的部位是","options":["锭翼压掌的磨损与配合间隙","筒管齿轮的啮合侧隙","牵伸罗拉隔距是否偏大","清洁绒辊的转动灵活性"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼异响加张力周期波动，指向锭翼回转件异常。压掌磨损或配合间隙过大会使纱线通道变化，直接造成张力波动。筒管齿轮啮合侧隙影响卷绕但通常表现为整台车规律性差异；罗拉隔距影响牵伸不匀而非张力周期波动；绒辊只影响清洁效果。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":43,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机纺纯棉品种时连续出现竹节纱，检查发现牵伸区集合器开口偏大，其影响机理是","options":["须条边缘纤维失控形成集束不良","须条在集合器内摩擦增大产生静电","集合器开口大导致须条捻度传递加快","集合器开口大导致牵伸罗拉握持力下降"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：集合器的作用是收拢须条边缘纤维，开口偏大则边缘纤维失去约束，牵伸时形成集束不良而出现竹节。开口大小不改变罗拉握持力，也不会加快捻度传递；摩擦增大产生静电是开口过小或通道粗糙时的表现。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":44,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头，发现锭翼顶端纱条引出时频繁断头，最恰当的处理步骤是","options":["降低锭速到最低档再逐锭生头","检查锭翼顶端通道有无毛刺并清理","加大粗纱张力使纱条贴紧通道","换用直径更大的筒管重新生头"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：生头断头多发生在纱线通道受阻处，应先排除通道毛刺、积花等缺陷。降速只能暂时掩盖问题；加大张力会加剧断头；更换筒管直径与通道缺陷无关。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":45,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺化纤品种时，牵伸区胶辊表面出现明显静电吸附飞花，下列措施中最直接有效的是","options":["提高车间相对湿度并选用抗静电胶辊","降低牵伸倍数以减少摩擦","加大胶辊压力以压住飞花","缩短胶辊研磨周期至一周一次"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：化纤静电飞花主要靠湿度与胶辊抗静电性能解决。提高相对湿度可加速电荷泄放，抗静电胶辊可减少电荷积聚。降低牵伸倍数不解决静电本质；加大压力不能消除静电；频繁研磨会缩短胶辊寿命且非针对静电。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":46,"type":"single","stem":"一台粗纱机纺同一品种，前罗拉转速不变但实测粗纱定量偏轻，检查牵伸区未发现明显异常，下一步应重点核对","options":["后区牵伸齿轮配置是否正确","锭翼转速是否与工艺相符","筒管卷绕密度是否偏小","清洁装置是否吸走过多的须条"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱定量偏轻而前罗拉转速不变，说明牵伸倍数偏大，应首先核对牵伸齿轮配置。锭翼转速影响产量与张力，不改变定量；卷绕密度影响卷装成形；清洁装置吸走须条属于异常损耗，一般表现为断头增多而非定量整体偏轻。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":47,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区下胶圈运行中出现跑偏，正确的调整顺序是","options":["先调胶圈张力再调胶圈辊平行度","先调胶圈辊平行度再调胶圈张力","直接更换新胶圈后观察运行状态","先加大胶辊压力再看跑偏是否消失"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈跑偏多因胶圈辊不平行造成，应先校正平行度再调整张力，否则张力调整无法根治跑偏。直接更换胶圈不解决安装平行问题；加大胶辊压力与胶圈跑偏无直接关系。","tier":"进阶"},{"id":48,"type":"single","stem":"夜班粗纱机突然出现整台车粗纱条干明显恶化，现场检查牵伸区、牵伸齿轮均正常，最应先排查的是","options":["车间温湿度是否发生剧烈变化","粗纱筒管是否装反","锭翼压掌是否全部磨损","清洁绒辊是否停转"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：整台车同时恶化且机械部位正常，多属工艺环境突变。温湿度剧烈变化会改变纤维摩擦与静电性能，导致条干恶化。筒管装反、压掌磨损、绒辊停转通常影响局部或个别锭位，不会整台同时出现。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":49,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，挡车工发现某锭粗纱表面出现规律性粗节，间隔与锭翼回转一周对应，最可能的故障环节是","options":["该锭锭翼压掌松动或纱线通道有毛刺","该锭筒管齿轮啮合过紧","该锭牵伸罗拉隔距偏大","该锭清洁绒辊压力过大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗节间隔与锭翼回转周期对应，说明缺陷发生在锭翼回转件上。压掌松动或通道毛刺会在每转一周时刮伤纱条形成规律粗节。筒管齿轮、罗拉隔距、绒辊压力不会产生与锭翼回转同周期的粗节。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":50,"type":"multi","stem":"某纺纱厂粗纱工序在纺制纯棉品种时，粗纱机牵伸区频繁出现纱疵，经检查为牵伸不开形成的粗节与硬头，下列工艺调整措施中，有助于消除该类纱疵的是哪些？","options":["适当减小后区牵伸倍数，使须条在后区获得较充分的整理","适当放大前区罗拉隔距，减小纤维在前钳口的控制力","适当增大粗纱捻系数，提高须条紧密度以利于牵伸","适当减小中区集合器开口，加强对边纤维的集聚控制"],"answer":[0,3],"explanation":"本题考查粗纱牵伸工艺调整与牵伸不开纱疵的防治。正确项：后区牵伸倍数过大会使须条在进入前区前过度扩散，适当减小后区牵伸可改善须条结构、减少牵伸不开形成的粗节与硬头，故第一项正确；集合器开口过大易使边纤维散失形成纱疵，适当减小开口可加强集聚控制，故第四项正确。错误项：前区罗拉隔距应结合纤维长度合理设置，盲目放大反而削弱对短纤维的控制、加重牵伸不开，故第二项错误；捻系数过大会使须条在牵伸区难以被拉细，更容易造成牵伸不开和硬头，故第三项错误。","tier":"挑战"},{"id":51,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，锭翼顶端假捻器的主要作用是","options":["增加粗纱捻度以承受卷绕张力","减少粗纱在锭翼顶孔处的断头并提高产量","提高粗纱条干均匀度降低CV值","降低牵伸区须条的附加不匀"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：假捻器作用是在锭翼顶端对纱条施加假捻，增加纱条在卷绕段的强力，减少断头。A捻度由锭子转速与前后罗拉速比决定，假捻器不增加最终捻度；C条干由牵伸工艺决定，假捻器不改善CV值；D附加不匀主要由牵伸区配置引起，与假捻器无关。"},{"id":52,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数一般设置为","options":["小于前区，通常1.1~1.5倍","大于前区，通常1.5~2.0倍","等于前区，保持1.0倍同步","远大于前区，通常2.0~3.0倍"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机牵伸分前后两区，后区牵伸倍数小（1.1~1.5），主要起预牵伸和整理作用；前区牵伸倍数大，承担主要牵伸任务。B、D把主牵伸放在后区会破坏须条结构；C后区1.0倍无预牵伸效果，不符合工艺要求。"},{"id":53,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时发现锭翼顶端有纱条缠绕，正确的处置方法是","options":["立即关车，用钩刀清理缠绕后重新生头","继续开车让缠绕纱条自行甩脱","关车后用手直接扯断缠绕纱条","加大锭速使缠绕纱条被离心力甩掉"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼缠绕必须关车清理。B、D继续运转会让缠绕加剧并可能损坏锭翼；C用手直接扯断易被锭翼割伤，应使用专用钩刀。"},{"id":54,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机罗拉隔距调整的主要依据是","options":["纤维长度和主体长度","粗纱定量和捻系数","锭速和卷绕张力","车间温湿度和回潮率"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：罗拉隔距应根据纤维长度（尤其主体长度和品质长度）确定，保证须条在牵伸区受控。B定量和捻系数影响牵伸力与捻度，不直接决定隔距；C锭速和张力属卷绕工艺；D温湿度影响牵伸力但不决定隔距。"},{"id":55,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中出现条干CV值明显升高，检查发现牵伸区须条有集束现象，最可能的原因是","options":["前区牵伸倍数设置过大","后区牵伸倍数设置过小","粗纱捻系数偏小","锭翼转速偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：前区牵伸倍数过大会使须条在牵伸区失控、产生集束和粗细节，条干恶化。B后区牵伸小反而有利；C捻系数偏小影响粗纱强力而非集束；D锭速低影响产量和张力，不直接造成牵伸区集束。"},{"id":56,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，应将纱条穿过锭翼顶孔后","options":["直接绕在压掌上再引至筒管","先绕锭翼两圈再穿压掌","穿压掌后引至筒管并压住纱尾","随意搭在筒管上让卷绕带入"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：生头应穿压掌后引至筒管并压住纱尾，保证卷绕正常。A绕过压掌直接引至筒管会失去压掌控制；B绕锭翼两圈会造成缠绕；D随意搭放会造成松纱或断头。"},{"id":57,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运转中发现某锭位粗纱直径明显偏细，其他锭位正常，首先应检查","options":["该锭位的牵伸齿轮是否更换","该锭位的锭翼是否磨损","该锭位的罗拉隔距是否变动","该锭位的粗纱捻度是否偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：单锭偏细通常是个别锭位牵伸齿轮配置或传动异常所致。B锭翼磨损影响卷绕和断头不改变定量；C罗拉隔距为整机参数，单锭不会单独变动；D捻度偏大不改变粗纱直径。"},{"id":58,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时出现大面积断头，检查发现车间相对湿度突然降至40%以下，正确的处置是","options":["立即提高锭速以缩短断头时间","适当降低锭速并恢复车间湿度至工艺范围","增加粗纱捻系数以增强强力","减小后区牵伸倍数以减少断头"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：湿度过低使纤维抱合力下降、静电增加，导致断头。应恢复湿度并适当降速。A提高锭速会加剧断头；C捻系数调整需重新设计工艺，不能应急；D后区牵伸调整不解决湿度问题。"},{"id":59,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，捻系数选择偏大，最可能造成的后果是","options":["粗纱强力提高，细纱牵伸困难","粗纱强力下降，细纱断头增加","粗纱条干改善，细纱CV值降低","粗纱卷绕张力减小，筒管容量增加"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：捻系数偏大提高粗纱强力但使细纱牵伸时纤维不易被拉直，造成牵伸困难甚至出硬头。B捻系数大强力应提高；C捻系数与条干无直接改善关系；D卷绕张力由卷绕机构决定。"},{"id":60,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸工艺调整时，下列哪些措施有助于降低粗纱条干不匀率","options":["适当减小前区牵伸倍数","合理配置罗拉隔距以适应纤维长度","保持皮圈和皮辊良好运转状态","提高锭速以增加产量","适当增大后区牵伸倍数"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：降低条干不匀需从牵伸配置、隔距、皮圈皮辊状态入手。A减小前区牵伸可减少牵伸波；B合理隔距保证须条受控；C皮圈皮辊良好避免打滑。D提高锭速影响产量和张力，不改善条干；E后区牵伸增大会破坏须条结构，反而不利。"},{"id":61,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱时，若发现锭翼顶端有少量积花缠绕但未影响纱条输出，挡车工应采取的处置方式是","options":["立即关车并拆下锭翼清理","用竹签在运转中轻轻挑除积花","等积花增多到影响断头时再处理","用压缩空气对准锭翼持续吹扫"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机运转中锭翼积花的现场处置。少量积花缠绕且未影响输出时，规范做法是用竹签在运转中轻挑，既能消除隐患又不打断生产。立即关车拆锭翼属于过度处置，影响效率；等断头再处理会扩大纱疵风险；用压缩空气持续吹扫会把飞花吹入纱条形成纱疵。"},{"id":62,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数通常比主牵伸区小，这样设置的主要目的是","options":["降低后区牵伸力，防止须条在后区意外牵伸","提高后区对纤维的控制力，减少粗节","使后区成为主要牵伸区，减轻主区负担","让后区纤维提前伸直，提高条干均匀度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机牵伸工艺分配。粗纱机总牵伸由后区牵伸和主牵伸区牵伸组成，后区牵伸倍数小是为了降低后区牵伸力，使须条在后区保持一定紧密度、防止意外牵伸。后区不是主要牵伸区，主牵伸区承担主要牵伸；后区牵伸过大反而破坏须条结构。"},{"id":63,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运行中，若发现下胶圈跑偏并伴有胶圈表面磨损，正确的处理顺序是","options":["先调整胶圈张力再检查胶圈是否老化","先关车检查胶圈是否装反再调整张力","先更换新胶圈再查找跑偏原因","先降低锭速运行观察跑偏是否消失"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：下胶圈跑偏的故障排查程序。胶圈跑偏且磨损，应先关车检查胶圈是否装反、张力是否一致，再决定调整或更换。先调张力不查装反可能治标不治本；直接换新胶圈不查原因会重复损坏；降速运行只是掩盖故障，不能消除跑偏。"},{"id":64,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中出现规律性粗节，节距与牵伸齿轮周长一致，最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸齿轮偏心或磨损","锭翼速度偏高","粗纱张力过小","车间温湿度偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：规律性纱疵与机械波。节距与牵伸齿轮周长一致，说明粗节周期与某牵伸齿轮回转周期对应，多为该齿轮偏心、磨损或啮合不良。锭翼速度、粗纱张力、车间温湿度不产生与齿轮周长对应的规律性粗节。"},{"id":65,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在落纱后重新生头时，若发现纱条从锭翼顶端引出后未进入导纱眼，正确的做法是","options":["直接把纱条绕过锭翼顶端继续纺纱","关车重新穿入导纱眼后再开车","把纱条投入锭翼内腔让其自然导入","提高锭速让纱条自动进入导纱眼"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱生头操作。纱条未进入导纱眼会造成纱条走向错误、张力异常甚至断头，必须关车重新穿入导纱眼后再开车。绕过锭翼顶端、投入内腔、提高锭速都不能替代正确的穿纱路径。"},{"id":66,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上胶圈与前胶辊之间出现须条缠绕，下列处置中最符合规范的是","options":["在运转中用钩刀迅速割断缠花","关车后清理缠花并检查胶圈是否破损","继续运行待其自然脱落","在运转中用毛刷反向刷除缠花"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区缠花的处理。缠花应关车清理，并检查胶圈、胶辊是否破损或起毛，防止再次缠绕。运转中用钩刀割花易伤胶圈胶辊；自然脱落会形成纱疵；运转中毛刷反向刷花易把飞花带入须条。"},{"id":67,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制某一品种时，实测粗纱条干不匀率偏高，牵伸工艺方面应优先检查的是","options":["锭翼压掌压力是否一致","牵伸分配与隔距是否匹配","筒管转速是否稳定","车间相对湿度是否达标"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：条干不匀的牵伸工艺排查。条干不匀率偏高，牵伸工艺方面应优先检查总牵伸、后区牵伸分配及罗拉隔距是否与纤维长度匹配。锭翼压掌、筒管转速、车间湿度也会影响，但不属于牵伸工艺的首查项。"},{"id":68,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，若发现粗纱张力突然变小、纱条松弛，可能的原因是","options":["喂入棉条定量偏重","牵伸倍数突然增大","锭翼速度相对降低","粗纱筒管直径偏小"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱张力异常的判断。粗纱张力由卷绕速度与输出速度的匹配决定，锭翼速度相对降低会使卷绕速度下降，纱条变松弛、张力变小。喂入定量偏重、牵伸倍数增大、筒管直径偏小不会直接导致张力突然变小。"},{"id":69,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在更换品种后，需重新调整牵伸齿轮，调整前应先确认的参数是","options":["粗纱定量与总牵伸倍数","锭翼转速与筒管转速","车间温度与相对湿度","前罗拉直径与胶辊硬度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：更换品种时的牵伸调整依据。牵伸齿轮的选配依据是粗纱定量与总牵伸倍数，先确认这两项才能计算并更换齿轮。锭翼转速、筒管转速、温湿度、罗拉直径与胶辊硬度是相关条件，但不是换齿轮前首先要确认的参数。"},{"id":70,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运行中，若发现前罗拉输出须条边缘出现毛羽增多但未断头，最可能的原因是","options":["前罗拉加压不足","后区牵伸倍数偏小","粗纱捻度偏低","锭翼压掌磨损"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：须条边缘毛羽的牵伸原因。前罗拉加压不足会使须条边缘纤维控制不良，出现毛羽增多。后区牵伸偏小、粗纱捻度偏低、锭翼压掌磨损不会直接导致前罗拉输出须条边缘毛羽增多。"},{"id":71,"type":"single","stem":"某挡车工在粗纱机运转中发现锭翼有异响并伴有周期性振动，正确的下一步处置是","options":["继续运行并记录异响周期","关车检查锭翼是否松动或轴承损坏","降低锭速运行至落纱再检修","向锭翼加注润滑油后继续运行"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼异响与振动的故障处置。锭翼异响并周期性振动，提示锭翼松动、轴承损坏或动平衡不良，应关车检查。继续运行、降速运行、加注润滑油都可能掩盖故障并扩大损坏。"},{"id":72,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机在牵伸区出现纱疵时，下列哪些做法有助于减少牵伸区纱疵","options":["定期清洁牵伸区罗拉与胶辊表面","按纤维长度合理设定罗拉隔距","保持胶圈张力一致并及时更换磨损胶圈","为减少断头适当加大后区牵伸倍数","在运转中用毛刷清理牵伸区飞花"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区纱疵的综合防治。定期清洁、合理设定隔距、保持胶圈张力一致并更换磨损胶圈，都是减少牵伸区纱疵的有效措施。加大后区牵伸倍数会破坏须条结构、增加纱疵；运转中毛刷清理飞花易把飞花带入须条，也不安全。"},{"id":73,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，若发现粗纱表面出现规律性竹节状粗细节，应优先检查的部位是","options":["牵伸罗拉加压是否稳定","锭翼顶端是否挂花","筒管是否弯曲变形","锭子转速是否偏高"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱规律性竹节的成因排查。规律性粗细节多由牵伸区罗拉加压不稳、罗拉弯曲或牵伸齿轮缺陷引起，故先查加压；锭翼挂花造成的是无规律纱疵；筒管弯曲影响卷绕成形而非牵伸；锭速偏高影响产量和张力，不产生规律性粗细节。"},{"id":74,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数通常控制在较小范围，其主要目的是","options":["防止须条在后区过度拉细导致粗节","提高前区牵伸效率以降低条干不匀","减少锭翼与粗纱的摩擦阻力","降低罗拉座温度延长皮辊寿命"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为后区牵伸的作用。后区牵伸倍数小可让须条保持一定紧密度进入前区，防止过度拉细产生粗节；提高前区效率不是后区小牵伸的直接目的；锭翼摩擦与后区牵伸无关；罗拉座温度与后区牵伸无直接关系。"},{"id":75,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机皮辊表面出现周期性凹陷或中凹时，对粗纱质量最直接的影响是","options":["产生周期性条干不匀和牵伸波","粗纱捻度整体偏低","粗纱卷绕张力突然增大","锭翼回转阻力明显上升"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为皮辊缺陷对牵伸的影响。皮辊中凹或凹陷使钳口握持力周期性变化，造成周期性条干不匀和牵伸波；捻度由锭翼转速与输出速度决定，与皮辊凹陷无直接关系；卷绕张力由卷绕机构决定；锭翼阻力与皮辊无关。"},{"id":76,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制化纤混纺品种时，适当加大粗纱捻系数的原因是","options":["化纤回弹性大，需增加捻度防止粗纱解捻","化纤摩擦系数小，需减少捻度防细节","化纤长度整齐，需降低捻度防硬头","化纤含油率高，需降低捻度防绕罗拉"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为化纤品种粗纱捻系数的设定。化纤回弹性大、抱合力差，适当加大捻系数可防止粗纱在退绕时解捻；化纤摩擦系数小不是减少捻度的理由；化纤长度整齐与降低捻度无直接对应；含油率高应加强清洁而非降低捻度。"},{"id":77,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区集合器的作用是","options":["收拢须条边缘减少毛羽和飞花","增加须条捻度提高强力","控制罗拉隔距防止绕花","调节锭翼转速稳定张力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为集合器的功能。集合器收拢须条边缘，减少毛羽和飞花，改善条干；捻度由锭翼产生，集合器不增加捻度；罗拉隔距由隔距块或齿轮决定；锭翼转速由传动决定。"},{"id":78,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，若发现前罗拉与皮辊间有须条缠绕，正确的处置顺序是","options":["先停车断头再清理缠绕须条","先降低锭速再徒手清除缠绕","先加大牵伸再停车清理","先关闭集合器再清理缠绕"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为绕罗拉的处理程序。绕前罗拉必须停车、断头后再清理，防止人身伤害和设备损坏；降速不解决缠绕且仍危险；加大牵伸会使缠绕加剧；关闭集合器不影响缠绕处理。"},{"id":79,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，若锭翼压掌未压住纱头就开车，最可能造成","options":["纱头滑脱形成断头或松纱","粗纱捻度显著增大","牵伸区须条被拉断","筒管转速突然下降"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为生头操作要点。压掌未压住纱头，开车后纱头易滑脱造成断头或松纱；捻度由工艺设定不因压掌状态改变；牵伸区须条拉断与生头压掌无直接关系；筒管转速由传动决定。"},{"id":80,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制某品种时条干不匀率突然升高，检查发现牵伸齿轮啮合间隙过大，其影响机理是","options":["牵伸比瞬时波动造成须条粗细不匀","罗拉加压不足造成须条滑移","集合器位置偏移造成须条跑偏","锭翼速度不稳造成捻度不匀"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为牵伸齿轮缺陷对条干的影响。啮合间隙过大使牵伸比瞬时波动，导致须条粗细不匀；加压不足表现为滑移但机理不同；集合器偏移造成跑偏而非齿轮间隙问题；锭翼速度与牵伸齿轮不是同一传动链。"},{"id":81,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区产生粗细节的常见原因包括","options":["罗拉加压不足或不稳定","皮辊表面中凹或损伤","牵伸齿轮啮合间隙过大","锭翼压掌压力偏大","集合器开口过大"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点为粗细节成因辨析。罗拉加压不足或不稳定、皮辊中凹损伤、牵伸齿轮间隙过大都会造成牵伸不匀产生粗细节；锭翼压掌压力偏大主要影响卷绕和毛羽；集合器开口过大影响集束效果但不直接产生粗细节。"},{"id":82,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时发现锭翼顶端有少量积花，正确的清理时机是","options":["停车后待锭翼完全静止再清理","开车状态下用竹签快速挑除","降速至半速后用毛刷扫除","关车后趁锭翼未停稳时清理"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机运转部位清理的安全与工艺要求。锭翼高速旋转时清理极易伤手且会带乱须条，必须停车待完全静止；开车挑除、半速扫除、未停稳清理均存在卷入风险。"},{"id":83,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区后区牵伸倍数偏大时，粗纱条干最可能出现的变化是","options":["细节增多、条干恶化","粗节增多、重量偏重","条干改善、强力提高","毛羽减少、捻度增加"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸与粗纱条干的关系。后区牵伸过大使须条中纤维变速点分散，细节增多、条干恶化；粗节增多、重量偏重与后区牵伸过大无直接对应；条干改善、强力提高与牵伸过大相反；毛羽减少、捻度增加与后区牵伸无直接关系。"},{"id":84,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后纱线张力增大，为保持正常卷绕张力应同步调整的是","options":["铁炮皮带起始位置","牵伸齿轮齿数","集合器开口宽度","锭翼压掌压力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱卷绕张力与铁炮皮带位置的对应关系。锭速提高使卷绕张力增大，需调整铁炮皮带起始位置改变卷绕速度以稳定张力；牵伸齿轮改变牵伸倍数，集合器开口影响须条集束，压掌压力影响纱线张力但非卷绕张力调节主手段。"},{"id":85,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中集合器的主要作用是","options":["收拢须条边缘、减少飞花与毛羽","控制牵伸区纤维变速点","增加须条捻度提高强力","调节后区牵伸倍数大小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：集合器的工艺作用。集合器收拢须条边缘、减少边缘纤维散失，从而减少飞花与毛羽；控制变速点主要靠牵伸罗拉与皮辊；集合器不增加捻度；集合器不调节牵伸倍数。"},{"id":86,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机皮辊表面出现周期性凹陷时，粗纱最可能产生的纱疵是","options":["周期性粗细节","大面积毛羽增多","整段重量偏轻","捻度不匀增加"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：皮辊缺陷与纱疵的对应关系。皮辊周期性凹陷使钳口握持力周期性变化，产生周期性粗细节；大面积毛羽增多多与皮辊表面粗糙有关；整段重量偏轻与牵伸齿轮配置有关；捻度不匀与锭翼、锭速有关。"},{"id":87,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后生头时，正确的生头操作是","options":["将纱头穿过锭翼孔后绕压掌引出","将纱头直接搭在锭翼顶端开车","将纱头塞入锭翼空心臂内开车","将纱头绕在锭杆上直接开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱生头操作程序。正确生头应将纱头穿过锭翼孔后绕压掌引出，保证纱线通道正确；直接搭锭翼顶端、塞入空心臂、绕锭杆均未经过正确通道，会造成断头或纱疵。"},{"id":88,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区前区牵伸倍数偏小时，粗纱定量最可能的变化是","options":["定量偏重","定量偏轻","定量不变","定量波动增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸倍数与粗纱定量的关系。前区牵伸倍数偏小，输出须条被拉细程度不足，粗纱定量偏重；定量偏轻与牵伸偏大对应；定量不变与牵伸不变对应；定量波动增大与牵伸稳定性有关而非倍数偏小。"},{"id":89,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中发现纱线在锭翼压掌处频繁断头，首先应检查的是","options":["压掌压力与纱线通道是否正常","后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","锭速是否超过额定值","集合器开口是否偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼压掌处断头的排查顺序。压掌处频繁断头首先检查压掌压力与纱线通道是否正常；后区牵伸倍数影响条干不直接导致压掌处断头；锭速超额定值影响张力但非首选；集合器开口影响集束不直接导致压掌处断头。"},{"id":90,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸齿轮更换后，粗纱定量出现偏差，正确的做法是","options":["先试纺一段并称重确认后再批量开车","直接按计算值批量开车","凭经验微调牵伸齿轮后开车","先开车观察条干再决定是否调整"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸齿轮更换后的验证程序。更换牵伸齿轮后应先试纺一段并称重确认定量符合要求再批量开车；直接批量开车、凭经验微调、先开车观察条干均未先确认定量，风险较大。"},{"id":91,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车前检查牵伸区，发现上罗拉加压不足，正确的处置是","options":["调整加压装置至规定压力后再开车","先开车观察条干再决定是否调整","降低锭速后直接开车","加大后区牵伸倍数后开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区加压不足的处置。加压不足会破坏牵伸钳口握持，必须先调整加压至规定值再开车；先开车观察、降速开车、加大后区牵伸均不能解决加压不足问题。"},{"id":92,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机运转中减少粗纱毛羽的措施包括","options":["保持牵伸区集合器开口合适","定期检查并修磨皮辊表面","适当降低锭速减少摩擦","增大后区牵伸倍数","提高车间相对湿度至偏高水平"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱毛羽的综合控制。集合器开口合适可收拢边缘纤维，皮辊表面光洁可减少纤维损伤，适当降速可减少摩擦，均有利于减少毛羽；增大后区牵伸会恶化条干、增加毛羽；湿度过高易造成缠罗拉，不利于减少毛羽。"},{"id":93,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时锭翼与筒管的转速关系设定为锭翼转速高于筒管转速，该转速差在工艺上主要用来完成什么","options":["粗纱的加捻卷绕","粗纱的牵伸分配","粗纱的张力补偿","粗纱的清洁除尘"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"粗纱工序中锭翼转速高于筒管的转速差是形成粗纱捻度的来源，捻度使须条获得强度以便卷绕和后续退绕，故正确项为加捻卷绕。牵伸分配由牵伸齿轮决定，与锭翼筒管转速差无关；张力补偿靠张力齿轮或卷绕密度调节，不是靠该转速差；清洁除尘由巡回清洁装置或吸风完成，与转速差无直接关系。"},{"id":94,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，若后区牵伸倍数设置偏大，最易在粗纱上产生的疵点是","options":["粗节粗纱","细节粗纱","硬头粗纱","竹节粗纱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"后区牵伸倍数偏大时，须条在后区被过度拉细，纤维间抱合力下降，进入前区后易产生粗节，故正确项为粗节粗纱。细节多由前区牵伸过大或罗拉隔距偏大造成；硬头是牵伸力过大或温湿度不当引起的粗硬段落；竹节多为牵伸不匀或原料混和不匀造成，并非后区牵伸倍数偏大的典型特征。"},{"id":95,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机前罗拉与皮辊之间出现绕花时，操作人员正确的第一步处置是","options":["立即停车并抬起该锭皮辊","继续运行待其自然脱落","用钩刀在运转中割除","加大牵伸倍数冲掉绕花"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"前罗拉绕花会破坏牵伸并损伤皮辊，正确处置是先停车再抬起皮辊清除，故正确项为停车抬皮辊。继续运行会使绕花越缠越紧并损伤罗拉；运转中用钩刀割除存在伤手和损伤皮辊的风险；加大牵伸倍数与绕花清除无关且会恶化条干。"},{"id":96,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，若车间相对湿度过低，粗纱工序最易出现的异常是","options":["须条松散断头增多","粗纱回潮率过高","皮辊表面粘花加重","粗纱捻度自动增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"相对湿度过低时纤维回潮率下降、静电增加，须条松散易断头，故正确项为须条松散断头增多。回潮率过高是湿度偏高时的表现；皮辊粘花加重多发生在湿度偏高或皮辊表面处理不当时；捻度由传动比决定，不会因湿度自动增大。"},{"id":97,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上销与下销之间的钳口隔距偏大时，对纤维控制的主要影响是","options":["浮游纤维控制减弱","牵伸力明显增大","皮辊压力自动升高","锭翼阻力增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"钳口隔距偏大时对浮游纤维的控制减弱，成纱条干变差，故正确项为浮游纤维控制减弱。牵伸力会因控制减弱而下降而非增大；皮辊压力由加压机构设定，不会自动升高；锭翼阻力与钳口隔距无直接关系。"},{"id":98,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在换批改纺不同定量品种时，首先要调整的工艺参数是","options":["牵伸齿轮以匹配新定量","锭翼转速保持原值","卷绕张力保持不变","清洁周期延长一倍"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"改纺不同定量品种时须先按新定量重新配置牵伸齿轮，使输出粗纱定量符合要求，故正确项为调整牵伸齿轮。锭翼转速需按新捻度要求重新设定而非保持原值；卷绕张力需随定量改变重新调节；清洁周期应视品种和纱疵情况调整，不能简单延长一倍。"},{"id":99,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中某锭出现规律性粗节，间隔与皮辊周长一致，最可能的故障环节是","options":["该锭皮辊表面有凹陷或粘附物","该锭锭翼平衡块松动","该锭筒管转速偏高","该锭下皮圈张力偏紧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"疵点间隔与皮辊周长一致说明缺陷来自皮辊，皮辊表面凹陷或粘附物会在每转一周时产生粗节，故正确项为该锭皮辊表面有凹陷或粘附物。锭翼平衡块松动引起振动而非规律粗节；筒管转速偏高影响卷绕张力；下皮圈张力偏紧影响条干均匀但不会形成与皮辊周长同步的粗节。"},{"id":100,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机某锭在纺纱过程中频繁断头，检查发现该锭牵伸区须条跑偏，下一步应优先检查的部位是","options":["该锭集合器位置与喇叭口对中情况","该锭锭翼压掌的松紧程度","该锭筒管的卷绕密度","该锭升降机构的动程大小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"须条在牵伸区跑偏多因集合器位置不正或喇叭口未对中，应优先检查这两个部位，故正确项为集合器位置与喇叭口对中情况。锭翼压掌松紧影响的是卷绕张力而非须条跑偏；筒管卷绕密度和升降动程属于卷绕成形环节，与牵伸区须条跑偏无直接关系。"},{"id":101,"type":"single","stem":"交接班时发现上一班粗纱机牵伸区清洁不良、飞花积聚严重，正确的处置方式是","options":["先停车彻底清洁牵伸区再开车","边开车边用毛刷快速清扫","等本班结束再统一清洁","只清理看得见的飞花即可开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"牵伸区飞花积聚会在开车后直接造成纱疵，必须先停车彻底清洁再开车，故正确项为先停车彻底清洁再开车。边开车边清扫存在安全隐患且清洁不彻底；等本班结束再清洁会使疵品持续产生；只清理可见飞花会遗漏隐蔽部位，仍会形成纱疵。"},{"id":102,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱过程中，下列哪些因素发生变化时需要重新核对牵伸工艺参数","options":["改纺不同定量的粗纱品种","更换原料批次且纤维长度差异较大","车间温湿度出现小幅波动","更换同规格同厂家的新皮辊"],"answer":[0,1],"explanation":"改纺不同定量品种和更换纤维长度差异较大的原料批次都会改变牵伸条件，必须重新核对牵伸工艺参数，故前两项正确。车间温湿度小幅波动会影响牵伸力但一般不作为重新核对牵伸齿轮的依据；更换同规格同厂家新皮辊属于正常保养，不改变牵伸配置，无需重新核对。"},{"id":103,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌在运转中出现周期性跳动并伴有纱条意外伸长，最应先检查的部位是","options":["压掌弧度与锭翼通道是否挂花积棉","锭翼顶端假捻器转速是否偏高","后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","粗纱捻系数是否偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"压掌跳动多因通道挂花或压掌弧度磨损导致握持不稳，使纱条受周期性张力波动而意外伸长；假捻器转速影响假捻效果但不直接造成压掌周期跳动；后区牵伸倍数偏大会使须条附加不匀，但不产生周期性跳动；捻系数偏低影响粗纱强度与后道退绕，不是压掌跳动的主因。"},{"id":104,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中突然出现整台锭翼全部断头，而牵伸区须条输出正常，最可能的故障环节是","options":["筒管齿轮传动或集体传动机构失效","前罗拉加压不足导致须条滑脱","后区牵伸隔距设置偏大","粗纱捻系数设计偏低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"整台同时断头且须条输出正常，说明问题在卷绕成形一侧的集体传动环节，筒管齿轮或集体传动失效会使卷绕速度异常而全台断头；前罗拉加压不足只影响个别或部分锭子牵伸；后区隔距偏大影响条干不匀而非全台断头；捻系数偏低是工艺设计问题，不会造成整台瞬间断头。"},{"id":105,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱时，锭翼顶端假捻器的主要作用是","options":["减少粗纱捻度以利后道牵伸","增加粗纱强力并减少断头","降低粗纱机锭速波动","控制粗纱条干均匀度"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：假捻器的作用。粗纱假捻器在锭翼顶端对须条施加假捻，使粗纱在卷绕前获得附加捻度，提高粗纱强力、减少断头；减少捻度、降低锭速波动、控制条干均不是假捻器的主要功能。"},{"id":106,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数设置偏大时最可能出现的质量问题","options":["粗纱条干恶化、细节增多","粗纱捻度明显偏高","粗纱卷绕张力下降","粗纱锭翼速度不稳"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸倍数对粗纱质量的影响。后区牵伸倍数过大时，须条在后区被过度拉伸，纤维变速点分散，导致条干恶化、细节增多；捻度、卷绕张力、锭翼速度不由此决定。"},{"id":107,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼在运转中出现明显抖动，且伴随粗纱张力周期波动，首先应检查的部位是","options":["锭翼压掌压力是否过大","锭翼动平衡及紧固情况","牵伸罗拉隔距是否偏小","粗纱捻系数是否偏低"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼异常振动的排查。锭翼抖动并引起张力周期性波动，通常是锭翼动平衡不良或紧固松动造成，应先检查动平衡和紧固；压掌压力、罗拉隔距、捻系数不会造成锭翼本体明显抖动。"},{"id":108,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸胶辊表面出现周期性磨痕，最可能引起的纱疵是","options":["粗纱规律性竹节","粗纱大面积毛羽","粗纱捻度不匀","粗纱重量偏差突变"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：胶辊周期性损伤与纱疵的对应关系。胶辊表面周期性磨痕会使握持力周期性变化，形成规律性竹节；毛羽、捻度不匀、重量突变与胶辊周期性磨痕无直接规律对应。"},{"id":109,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在换管生头时，下列操作顺序正确的一项是","options":["先升锭翼再放压掌，最后引纱生头","先引纱生头再升锭翼，最后压掌加压","先压掌加压再引纱生头，最后升锭翼","先升锭翼再引纱生头，最后压掌加压"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点：换管生头操作顺序。正确顺序是先升锭翼、再引纱生头、最后压掌加压，以保证生头顺畅和张力正常；其余顺序会导致生头困难或张力异常。"},{"id":110,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，前区牵伸倍数增大而总牵伸不变时，通常应同步调整的是","options":["后区牵伸倍数相应减小","后区牵伸倍数相应增大","锭翼转速相应提高","粗纱捻系数相应降低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：总牵伸与前后区牵伸的分配关系。总牵伸不变时，前区牵伸增大须由后区牵伸减小来平衡；锭翼转速和捻系数不随前后区分配直接调整。"},{"id":111,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现粗纱表面出现大量毛羽，且条干正常，最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸区集棉器位置偏后","锭翼压掌压力过大","粗纱捻系数偏高","粗纱卷绕密度过大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：毛羽产生的工艺原因。集棉器位置偏后会使须条边缘纤维失控，产生毛羽而条干正常；压掌压力、捻系数、卷绕密度主要影响张力、捻度和卷绕成形，不是毛羽主因。"},{"id":112,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制化纤品种时，为减少绕胶辊现象，下列措施合理的是","options":["提高车间相对湿度","降低胶辊表面硬度","增大后区牵伸倍数","提高粗纱捻系数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：化纤纺纱绕胶辊的防治。化纤易产生静电，提高车间相对湿度可减少静电、抑制绕胶辊；降低胶辊硬度、增大后区牵伸、提高捻系数均不能有效解决绕胶辊。"},{"id":113,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌压力调整过小，对粗纱卷绕最直接的影响是","options":["粗纱卷绕张力偏大","粗纱卷绕松散、成形不良","粗纱捻度明显增大","粗纱条干明显恶化"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：压掌压力对卷绕的作用。压掌压力过小，卷绕张力不足，粗纱卷绕松散、成形不良；压力过小不会使张力偏大、捻度增大或条干恶化。"},{"id":114,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中突然出现大面积断头，且断口呈明显须条状，最可能的原因是","options":["粗纱捻系数突然降低","车间温湿度突然升高","牵伸罗拉隔距突然变大","粗纱卷绕张力突然减小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱断头原因判断。捻系数突然降低会使粗纱强力不足，断口呈须条状并大面积断头；温湿度升高、罗拉隔距变大、卷绕张力减小不会造成这种断口形态的大面积断头。"},{"id":115,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，集棉器开口过大时对粗纱质量的主要影响是","options":["粗纱条干恶化、细节增多","粗纱捻度明显偏高","粗纱卷绕张力偏大","粗纱锭翼速度不稳"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：集棉器开口对条干的影响。集棉器开口过大，须条边缘纤维失控，条干恶化、细节增多；捻度、卷绕张力、锭翼速度不受集棉器开口直接影响。"},{"id":116,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼在正常运转时，若发现锭翼顶端有少量飞花缠绕，正确的处置方法是","options":["停机后用专用钩刀清除缠绕飞花","运转中用毛刷伸入锭翼顶端扫除","运转中用手快速摘掉缠绕飞花","等落纱时再一起清除缠绕飞花"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼缠绕飞花的处理规范。锭翼高速旋转，运转中任何工具或手伸入都极易造成伤害，必须停机后再用专用钩刀清除。选项B运转中毛刷伸入会被卷入；选项C用手摘除更是直接的人身伤害风险；选项D飞花缠绕会持续恶化影响纱条质量，不能拖延到落纱。"},{"id":117,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机的牵伸形式中，三上三下双短皮圈牵伸装置的主要特点是","options":["主牵伸区采用双短皮圈控制纤维运动","后牵伸区采用双短皮圈控制纤维运动","前牵伸区采用简单罗拉牵伸控制纤维","中牵伸区采用单皮圈控制纤维运动"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：三上三下双短皮圈牵伸装置的构造。该形式的双短皮圈配置在主牵伸区，用于加强对浮游纤维的控制。选项B双短皮圈不在后区；选项C前区不是简单罗拉牵伸；选项D该装置中区不设单皮圈，中区为罗拉牵伸。"},{"id":118,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工在巡回中发现某锭粗纱表面毛羽明显增多且条干发毛，相邻锭位正常，应优先检查","options":["该锭锭翼通道及压掌是否挂花积尘","整台车的牵伸齿轮是否磨损","全机锭速是否设置偏高","粗纱捻度是否整体偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：单锭异常的排查思路。相邻锭位正常说明是单锭问题，应优先检查该锭锭翼通道和压掌是否挂花、积尘造成纱条摩擦加剧。选项B牵伸齿轮磨损会影响整台车；选项C锭速偏高影响全机；选项D捻度偏小也是全机性参数问题，均不能解释单锭异常。"},{"id":119,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在交接班时发现粗纱定量偏轻，追溯上一班记录发现牵伸倍数被调大，若要恢复原定量应","options":["将牵伸倍数调回原设定值并核对齿轮","将锭翼转速提高补偿定量","将后区牵伸倍数单独调小","将粗纱捻度加大弥补定量"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸倍数与粗纱定量的对应关系。定量偏轻是牵伸倍数偏大所致，应调回原设定值并核对牵伸齿轮是否正确。选项B提高锭速改变的是产量和捻度，不改变定量；选项C只调后区不能整体纠正定量；选项D捻度与定量无补偿关系。"},{"id":120,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机采用四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸时，主牵伸区通常位于","options":["前罗拉与中罗拉之间","中罗拉与后罗拉之间","后罗拉与导条罗拉之间","前罗拉与导条罗拉之间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：四罗拉牵伸装置的牵伸区划分。四罗拉双短皮圈牵伸中，主牵伸区在前罗拉与中罗拉之间，承担主要牵伸任务。选项B中罗拉与后罗拉之间为后牵伸区；选项C后罗拉与导条罗拉之间为导条区不承担牵伸；选项D前罗拉与导条罗拉跨度过大不是牵伸区划分方式。"},{"id":121,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运转中突然出现整台车粗纱条干普遍恶化，最应优先排查的是","options":["牵伸区罗拉隔距是否被误动","某一锭的压掌是否挂花","某一节皮辊是否缺油","个别锭子的筒管是否跳动"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：整台车质量异常的排查。整台车普遍恶化说明是全局性工艺参数问题，应优先检查牵伸区罗拉隔距是否被误调。选项B、C、D均为单锭或局部问题，只能造成个别锭异常，不能解释整台车普遍恶化。"},{"id":122,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱工序中，为减少粗纱纱疵，下列做法中正确的有","options":["保持牵伸区清洁及时清除积花","按周期检查皮圈皮辊状态并更换磨损件","根据原料和品种合理设定牵伸倍数","提高锭速以缩短粗纱在机停留时间","为减少断头将压掌压力调至最大"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱纱疵的综合防治。清洁牵伸区、按周期检查更换皮圈皮辊、合理设定牵伸倍数都是减少纱疵的有效措施。选项D提高锭速会增大张力易断头，缩短停留时间与减少纱疵无直接关系；选项E压掌压力调至最大反而造成张力过大断头和成形不良，不是减少纱疵的正确做法。"},{"id":123,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼在运转中发现有挂花缠绕，正确的即时处理方法是","options":["降速后用手直接摘除缠绕物","停车断电后用专用钩刀清除缠绕物","保持运转用毛刷贴靠锭翼刷掉挂花","先落纱再在空锭状态下清除缠绕物"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼挂花处理的安全操作程序。粗纱机锭翼高速旋转，处理挂花必须停车断电，用专用钩刀清除，防止手或毛刷被卷入。A降速后用手直接摘除仍有卷入危险；B停车断电后清除是正确程序；C运转中用毛刷贴靠会被高速锭翼卷入伤人；D落纱后锭翼仍会随传动运转，空锭不等于断电，仍有危险。"},{"id":124,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸罗拉隔距的调整依据主要是","options":["粗纱锭速和捻度大小","喂入棉条的纤维长度和整齐度","粗纱机的总牵伸倍数","车间温湿度的变化范围"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：罗拉隔距的设定依据。罗拉隔距应根据喂入须条中纤维的主体长度和长度整齐度来确定，以保证纤维在牵伸区正常变速。A锭速捻度与隔距无直接设定关系；B正确；C总牵伸倍数不影响隔距设定依据；D温湿度影响牵伸但非隔距调整的主要依据。"},{"id":125,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时出现大面积断头，检查发现须条在牵伸区被拉断，最可能的原因是","options":["粗纱捻度设定偏大","牵伸倍数设定偏小","罗拉隔距过大或牵伸力过大","锭翼转速设定偏低"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区断头的原因分析。须条在牵伸区被拉断通常因牵伸力过大或罗拉隔距不匹配，使纤维被拉断。A捻度偏大主要影响卷绕和捻陷，不是牵伸区拉断主因；B牵伸倍数偏小会使牵伸力偏小，不易拉断；C正确；D锭翼转速偏低影响卷绕张力，不直接造成牵伸区拉断。"},{"id":126,"type":"single","stem":"影响粗纱捻度大小的主要工艺参数是","options":["前罗拉转速与锭翼转速之比","锭翼转速与筒管转速之差","后罗拉转速与中罗拉转速之比","牵伸倍数与罗拉隔距之比"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱捻度的形成原理。捻度由前罗拉输出速度与锭翼回转速度共同决定，即前罗拉转速与锭翼转速之比。A正确。B锭翼与筒管的转速差决定卷绕速度而非捻度；C后区与中区转速比影响后区牵伸；D牵伸倍数与隔距之比不是捻度参数。"},{"id":127,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中筒管卷绕成形不良、两端冒纱，应优先检查","options":["牵伸齿轮的啮合间隙","成形机构的换向和升降传动","锭翼的动平衡状态","后罗拉的加压弹簧压力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱卷绕成形机构。两端冒纱说明成形机构换向或升降传动异常，导致卷绕层叠不齐。A牵伸齿轮影响条干不匀，不造成冒纱；B正确；C锭翼动平衡影响振动和断头；D后罗拉加压影响牵伸，不直接造成冒纱。"},{"id":128,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工序发现成纱出现规律的粗细节，且周期与牵伸齿轮回转对应，最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸齿轮偏心或磨损","锭翼出现轻微挂花","车间相对湿度偏低","筒管卷绕张力偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：周期性粗细节的成因。规律性粗细节且周期与牵伸齿轮回转对应，是牵伸齿轮偏心或磨损造成的机械波。A正确。B锭翼挂花造成随机性纱疵；C湿度偏低影响牵伸但不会形成与齿轮周期对应的规律粗细节；D卷绕张力偏小影响成形不形成该周期波。"},{"id":129,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，若发现牵伸区须条出现明显边纤维散失，正确的调整方向是","options":["适当增大后区牵伸倍数","适当缩小罗拉隔距并检查集合器","提高锭翼转速以增加张力","降低粗纱捻度以减少捻陷"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区边纤维控制。边纤维散失多因隔距偏大或集合器位置不当，应缩小隔距并检查集合器。A增大后区牵伸会加剧边纤维散失；B正确；C提高锭翼转速与边纤维散失无直接关系；D降低捻度反而使须条更松散，不利于边纤维控制。"},{"id":130,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头开车，为防止细节产生，正确的操作是","options":["先低速生头再逐步升速到正常锭速","直接以正常锭速生头以减少停车时间","生头时加大牵伸倍数使须条变细","生头时关掉集合器以便观察须条"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱生头操作。生头时先低速使须条顺利进入牵伸区和加捻卷绕，再逐步升速，可防止因突然高速造成细节和断头。A正确。B直接正常锭速生头易产生细节和断头；C加大牵伸倍数会使须条变细产生细节；D关掉集合器会破坏须条集合，产生纱疵。"},{"id":131,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，集合器的作用是","options":["增加须条的捻度以提高强力","收拢须条边缘纤维、改善条干","控制后区牵伸倍数的大小","调节锭翼与筒管之间的张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：集合器的功能。集合器用于收拢牵伸区须条，减少边纤维散失，改善条干。A捻度由锭翼转速决定，集合器不增加捻度；B正确；C后区牵伸倍数由牵伸齿轮决定；D卷绕张力由成形机构调节，与集合器无关。"},{"id":132,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中，若发现粗纱表面出现较多毛羽，下列调整措施中最直接有效的是","options":["适当降低锭翼转速并检查锭翼通道光洁度","增大后区牵伸倍数使须条变薄","减小粗纱捻度以降低纤维抱合","提高前罗拉转速以缩短加捻时间","降低集合器位置以减少须条收拢"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱毛羽的成因与控制。毛羽多与锭翼通道摩擦、转速过高有关，降低锭速并检查通道光洁度可直接减少毛羽。A正确。B增大后区牵伸使须条变薄反而易散失；C减小捻度使纤维抱合变差；D提高前罗拉转速缩短加捻时间不利于捻度传递；E降低集合器位置削弱须条收拢。"},{"id":133,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时发现锭翼顶端有少量积花，正确的处置方法是","options":["用毛刷在锭翼旋转中直接清扫","停车后待锭翼停稳再清除积花","加大清洁风量吹落积花","用竹签在低速运转时挑除积花"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱机运转中清洁安全操作。锭翼高速旋转时任何工具接触都有人身伤害风险，必须停车待停稳后清除，所以B正确；A在旋转中清扫会被卷入；C加大风量只能吹散飞花不能清除已缠绕的积花且可能造成纱疵；D低速运转仍属运转状态，工具接触同样危险。"},{"id":134,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数偏小时，成纱最可能出现的变化是","options":["粗纱条干均匀度改善但纤维平行度下降","粗纱定量偏轻且条干恶化","粗纱强力提高且伸长率下降","粗纱毛羽减少且捻度增加"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为后区牵伸倍数对粗纱质量的影响。后区牵伸偏小时纤维束解舒不足但不易产生附加不匀，条干可能改善，然而纤维平行伸直度下降，A正确；B定量偏轻是总牵伸偏大所致，与后区牵伸偏小不符；C强力提高同时伸长率下降并非后区牵伸偏小的典型表现；D毛羽和捻度主要受加捻和卷绕影响，与后区牵伸倍数关系不直接。"},{"id":135,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速不变而筒管卷绕直径逐渐增大时，为保持卷绕张力稳定应","options":["保持筒管转速恒定不变","随卷绕直径增大逐步降低筒管转速","随卷绕直径增大逐步提高筒管转速","随卷绕直径增大逐步降低锭速"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱卷绕张力控制原理。卷绕线速度等于筒管转速与卷绕直径之积，锭速不变时卷绕直径增大，为保持线速度即张力稳定需降低筒管转速，B正确；A会使张力随直径增大而升高；C会进一步升高张力甚至造成粗纱伸长；D锭速变化会改变加捻和产量，不是保持卷绕张力稳定的正确手段。"},{"id":136,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运行中牵伸区出现硬头，下列原因中最需要优先检查的是","options":["罗拉隔距过大","牵伸力大于握持力","锭翼转速偏低","粗纱捻度偏大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为牵伸区硬头产生的力学原因。硬头是牵伸力超过罗拉握持力导致纤维被强行抽拔，B正确；A罗拉隔距过大反而使牵伸力下降，不易产生硬头；C锭翼转速偏低影响加捻卷绕，不直接造成牵伸区硬头；D粗纱捻度偏大会增加解捻负担，但硬头直接原因是牵伸力与握持力失衡。"},{"id":137,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机清洁周期中，牵伸罗拉和皮辊的清洁应采用的方式是","options":["每班一次用压缩空气吹净","每落纱一次用专用工具停车清洁","每周一次用湿布擦洗","每班一次用毛刷在运转中清扫"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱机牵伸部件清洁规范。牵伸罗拉和皮辊表面状态直接影响条干，应每落纱停车用专用工具清洁，B正确；A压缩空气会把飞花吹入牵伸区形成纱疵；C湿布擦洗会使罗拉生锈且水分影响纤维；D运转中清扫无法清除皮辊表面缠绕且不安全。"},{"id":138,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中筒管两端出现冒纱，下列调整措施中最直接有效的是","options":["增大卷绕张力","减小卷绕张力","提高锭速","降低牵伸倍数"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱卷绕成形与冒纱的关系。冒纱多因卷绕张力过大使粗纱在筒管两端挤出，减小卷绕张力可直接缓解，B正确；A会加剧冒纱；C锭速提高会同时改变张力和产量，不是针对冒纱的直接措施；D牵伸倍数影响粗纱定量，与冒纱无直接因果关系。"},{"id":139,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机皮辊表面出现周期性凹陷，对粗纱质量最可能造成的影响是","options":["产生周期性粗节和细节","粗纱捻度不匀","粗纱回潮率下降","锭翼磨损加快"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为皮辊缺陷与纱疵的关系。皮辊凹陷使握持力周期变化，导致牵伸不匀，产生周期性粗节和细节，A正确；B捻度不匀主要与锭翼和筒管传动有关；C回潮率由车间温湿度决定；D锭翼磨损与皮辊状态无直接关系。"},{"id":140,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机挡车工在交接班时发现机台牵伸区有飞花堆积，正确的处理顺序是","options":["先开车再生产再清洁","先停车清洁再检查牵伸部件后开车","先通知维修再自行清洁","先加大牵伸倍数再清洁"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为粗纱机清洁与开车程序。飞花堆积会影响牵伸和条干，应先停车清洁并检查牵伸部件确认无异常后再开车，B正确；A带飞花开车会产生大量纱疵；C自行清洁属挡车工职责范围，无需等维修；D牵伸倍数调整与清洁无关，且未清洁前调整无意义。"},{"id":141,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机生产中出现大面积条干不匀，经检查牵伸罗拉隔距偏小，正确的调整方向是","options":["适当增大罗拉隔距","适当减小罗拉隔距","提高后区牵伸倍数","降低粗纱捻系数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点为罗拉隔距与牵伸质量的关系。隔距偏小会使纤维受过度控制产生牵伸不匀，应适当增大隔距，A正确；B会进一步加剧问题；C后区牵伸倍数与隔距偏小无直接对应关系；D捻系数影响粗纱强力，不是解决隔距偏小造成的条干不匀的直接措施。"},{"id":142,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机挡车工在巡回中发现某锭粗纱表面有毛羽增多且捻度偏低，检查锭翼发现压掌压力不足，正确的处置是","options":["直接调大该锭牵伸倍数","停车调整压掌压力后试纺确认","继续生产待落纱后统一处理","降低该锭筒管转速"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点为锭翼压掌压力与粗纱捻度、毛羽的关系。压掌压力不足使加捻传递不良，应停车调整压力并试纺确认，B正确；A牵伸倍数与捻度毛羽无直接关系；C继续生产会使不合格粗纱流入下道；D筒管转速影响卷绕张力而非捻度。"},{"id":143,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼在运转中出现规律性撞击声，停机检查发现锭翼臂有轻微变形，正确的处置方式是","options":["用木槌轻敲矫正后继续上车","更换该锭翼并送修校平衡","调低锭速后继续使用该锭翼","在锭翼臂上贴配重块消除振动"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼变形属于影响粗纱张力和纱疵的关键部件损伤，必须更换并校平衡。变形锭翼会破坏回转平衡，产生周期性撞击和纱线张力波动。用木槌敲矫正无法保证平衡精度；调低锭速只是掩盖振动源；贴配重块属于非正规修补，位置和重量均无法保证动平衡。"},{"id":144,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区后区牵伸倍数从1.3调整为1.5后，粗纱出现明显细节增多，最可能的原因是","options":["后区牵伸过大使须条中纤维变速点前移","后区牵伸过大使后罗拉握持力不足","后区牵伸过大使主牵伸区牵伸力下降","后区牵伸过大使粗纱捻度增加"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸倍数过大会使后罗拉钳口对须条的控制力相对不足，纤维提前变速产生细节。后区牵伸大并不直接使变速点前移；主牵伸区牵伸力主要受主牵伸倍数影响；捻度由锭翼转速和输出速度决定，与后区牵伸无直接因果。"},{"id":145,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，上销钳口隔距偏大，最可能造成的质量问题是","options":["粗纱条干CV值升高，细节增多","粗纱捻度过大，产生硬头","粗纱伸长率下降，张力过松","粗纱回潮率升高，产生缠绕"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：上销钳口隔距偏大会削弱对牵伸区浮游纤维的控制，导致条干恶化、细节增多。捻度由工艺设定决定，与钳口隔距无直接关系；伸长率主要受张力设定影响；回潮率由车间温湿度决定，与钳口隔距无关。"},{"id":146,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工序发现锭翼压掌磨损出现沟槽，正确的处理方式是","options":["用砂纸打磨沟槽后继续使用","更换压掌并对锭翼做动平衡检查","调整压掌压力后继续使用","在压掌沟槽处缠绕胶带临时处理"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：压掌磨损沟槽会改变纱线通道和张力，必须更换并检查锭翼平衡。砂纸打磨会改变压掌几何形状；调整压力无法消除沟槽对纱线通道的影响；缠绕胶带属于非正规临时处理，易脱落造成纱疵。"},{"id":147,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机罗拉隔距调整时，前区隔距的确定主要依据","options":["纤维长度和牵伸倍数","粗纱定量和捻系数","锭翼转速和卷绕张力","车间温湿度和回潮率"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：前区罗拉隔距主要根据纤维长度（主体长度和短绒率）及牵伸倍数确定，以保证对浮游纤维的有效控制。粗纱定量影响牵伸分配但不决定隔距；锭翼转速影响卷绕张力；温湿度影响牵伸力但不直接决定隔距。"},{"id":148,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运转中突然出现整台粗纱条干恶化、细节大量增加，检查发现牵伸区集合器位置偏移，正确的下一步操作是","options":["立即降低锭速观察条干是否恢复","停机校正集合器位置后重新生头","调整后区牵伸倍数补偿条干","加大粗纱张力使须条重新集束"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：集合器位置偏移会破坏须条集束状态，导致条干恶化，必须停机校正。降锭速无法改变集合器偏移；调后区牵伸不能补偿集束不良；加大张力会使须条更分散，加重条干恶化。"},{"id":149,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后，粗纱断头率明显上升，最可能的原因是","options":["粗纱捻度不足导致强力下降","粗纱张力过大超过纱条强力","粗纱回潮率过低导致静电增加","粗纱定量过大导致牵伸不开"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭速提高使卷绕张力增大，当张力超过纱条强力时断头增加。捻度由工艺设定，锭速提高不直接改变捻度；回潮率由温湿度决定，不随锭速变化；定量由熟条和牵伸决定，与锭速无关。"},{"id":150,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制化纤混纺品种时，牵伸区出现明显静电缠绕，最有效的改善措施是","options":["提高车间相对湿度并加装抗静电装置","降低粗纱捻系数减少纤维间摩擦","增大后区牵伸倍数使纤维充分伸直","提高锭速使纱条迅速离开牵伸区"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：化纤静电缠绕主要因回潮率低、静电积聚，提高相对湿度并加装抗静电装置可有效改善。降低捻系数会削弱纱条强力；增大后区牵伸会加剧纤维变速不匀；提高锭速对静电无改善作用。"},{"id":151,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在更换品种时，牵伸齿轮搭配完成后，正确的下一步操作是","options":["直接开车生头并取样测试","先做牵伸计算复核并试纺取样测试","先调整锭速再试纺取样","先调整张力再开车取样"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：更换品种后应先复核牵伸计算，确认齿轮搭配正确，再试纺取样测试条干和重量。直接开车可能造成大批不合格；先调锭速或张力不能替代牵伸复核，顺序错误会导致工艺参数不匹配。"},{"id":152,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时锭翼出现规律性轴向窜动，最应先检查的部位是","options":["锭翼压掌的弧度与磨损量","锭翼与筒管的同心度","筒管齿轮的啮合间隙","下龙筋的升降齿条"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼轴向窜动多与锭翼与筒管同心度偏差有关。正确项对：同心度超差会使锭翼运转时受力不均而轴向窜动。错误项A压掌弧度影响的是纱线张力与卷绕成形；C筒管齿轮间隙影响转动平稳但不直接造成轴向窜动；D升降齿条影响的是下龙筋升降，与锭翼轴向窜动无直接关系。"},{"id":153,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数由1.3调到1.6后，须条出现明显牵伸不开的硬头，最可能的原因是","options":["后区隔距偏小","前区牵伸倍数偏大","后区牵伸力大于握持力","粗纱捻系数偏低"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸力与握持力的匹配关系。正确项对：后区牵伸倍数增大后牵伸力上升，当牵伸力超过后钳口握持力时须条被拉断形成硬头。错误项A隔距偏小通常使牵伸力更大但硬头主因是牵伸力大于握持力；B前区牵伸倍数偏大影响的是前区；D捻系数偏低会使须条松散而非形成硬头。"},{"id":154,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱过程中，锭翼顶端出现挂花并逐渐积聚成团，正确的处置方式是","options":["用毛刷直接扫入锭翼内部","停车后用竹签清除并检查锭翼顶端光洁度","提高锭速使挂花被气流吹走","在锭翼顶端涂抹润滑油防止挂花"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼挂花的处理与预防。正确项对：挂花须停车后清除，并检查锭翼顶端是否毛刺或光洁度不足。错误项A扫入内部会带入纱条形成纱疵；C提高锭速不能解决挂花且可能加剧；D涂油会污染纱条。"},{"id":155,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时出现周期性粗细节，且周期长度与锭翼回转一周的长度一致，该纱疵最可能产生于","options":["后罗拉钳口","前罗拉钳口","锭翼压掌","筒管卷绕"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：周期性纱疵与回转部件的对应关系。正确项对：周期与锭翼回转一周一致，说明疵点由锭翼压掌等回转部件造成。错误项A后罗拉钳口疵点周期与后罗拉周长对应；B前罗拉钳口周期与前罗拉周长对应；D筒管卷绕周期与筒管周长对应。"},{"id":156,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，前区隔距的确定主要依据是","options":["纤维的平均长度","纤维的品质长度","纤维的短绒率","纤维的线密度"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸隔距的确定依据。正确项对：前区隔距主要按纤维品质长度确定，以保证慢速纤维不被拉断。错误项A平均长度偏短，按此设定隔距会偏小；C短绒率影响工艺但非隔距主依据；D线密度与隔距无直接关系。"},{"id":157,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机纺纯棉品种时，粗纱条干CV值突然增大，同时伴有多处短粗节，检查牵伸区发现下胶圈有轻微跑偏，正确的处置是","options":["继续观察，等下一个班再处理","调整下胶圈张力并校正跑偏","直接换掉整台车的胶圈","降低锭速以减少纱疵"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈跑偏造成的纱疵处置。正确项对：下胶圈跑偏会使牵伸不匀，应先调整张力并校正位置。错误项A继续观察会使纱疵持续产生；C整台换胶圈属过度处理；D降锭速不能解决胶圈跑偏问题。"},{"id":158,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时，须条从前罗拉输出后在前钳口处出现明显分裂，最可能的原因是","options":["粗纱捻系数过大","粗纱捻系数过小","前区牵伸倍数过小","后区隔距过大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱捻系数与须条抱合的关系。正确项对：捻系数过小须条抱合力不足，输出后易分裂。错误项A捻系数过大须条发硬但不易分裂；C前区牵伸倍数过小会使须条偏粗但不一定分裂；D后区隔距过大影响后区牵伸而非前钳口分裂。"},{"id":159,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上胶圈与下胶圈之间的钳口隔距偏大，最可能造成的后果是","options":["牵伸力增大，须条被拉断","牵伸力减小，须条出现硬头","牵伸区对纤维控制减弱，条干恶化","胶圈回转不灵活，出现周期性纱疵"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈钳口隔距对纤维控制的影响。正确项对：钳口隔距偏大会削弱对纤维的控制，导致条干恶化。错误项A隔距偏大牵伸力反而减小；B牵伸力减小不一定形成硬头；D回转不灵活与隔距大小无直接关系。"},{"id":160,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺纱过程中，筒管卷绕张力突然变小，粗纱成形变得松散，最可能的原因是","options":["锭翼压掌磨损或变形","下龙筋升降速度过快","前罗拉转速降低","粗纱捻系数增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：卷绕张力与锭翼压掌状态的关系。正确项对：压掌磨损或变形会使对纱条的压力减小，卷绕张力下降。错误项B升降速度过快影响成形层次但不直接使张力变小；C前罗拉转速降低影响产量；D捻系数增大会使粗纱变硬而非松散。"},{"id":161,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数通常控制在什么范围以保证须条有足够紧密度进入主牵伸区","options":["1.02～1.15倍","1.2～1.5倍","1.6～2.0倍","2.1～2.8倍"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是后区牵伸倍数的工艺设定。后区牵伸倍数一般控制在1.2～1.5倍，既使须条保持一定紧密度又不至于过度牵伸；1.02～1.15倍过小起不到整理作用；1.6～2.0倍和2.1～2.8倍偏大，易造成后区须条解体、粗纱条干恶化。"},{"id":162,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌对粗纱的压紧程度主要影响粗纱的什么指标","options":["粗纱捻度","粗纱卷绕密度","粗纱牵伸倍数","粗纱回潮率"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是锭翼压掌的工艺作用。压掌压力决定粗纱在筒管上的卷绕密度，压力过大易压扁纱条、压力过小则卷绕松散；捻度由锭速与罗拉速度配合决定，牵伸倍数由罗拉速度决定，回潮率由原料与环境决定，均与压掌压力无直接因果关系。"},{"id":163,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工序产生“粗节”纱疵时，从牵伸工艺角度最应优先检查的是","options":["牵伸罗拉隔距是否偏小","牵伸区集合器是否开档偏大","胶圈钳口隔距是否偏大","锭翼压掌压力是否偏小"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点是粗节纱疵与牵伸区控制的关系。胶圈钳口隔距偏大时对须条控制力不足，纤维在牵伸中成束运动形成粗节，应优先检查；罗拉隔距偏小主要造成牵伸不开或硬头；集合器开档偏大主要影响边缘纤维集束；压掌压力偏小主要影响卷绕成形而非粗节。"},{"id":164,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机胶辊表面出现周期性横向裂纹时，对粗纱质量最直接的影响是","options":["产生周期性粗细节","产生大面积毛羽","产生油污纱","产生竹节纱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是胶辊缺陷与纱疵的对应关系。胶辊周期性横向裂纹会使钳口握持力周期性变化，产生周期性粗细节；大面积毛羽多与胶圈、集合器及车间气流有关；油污纱来自油污接触；竹节纱多来自牵伸区集束或原料问题。"},{"id":165,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时出现“硬头”，从牵伸工艺角度最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸倍数偏大","牵伸倍数偏小","粗纱捻度偏大","粗纱回潮率偏低"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是硬头产生的原因。牵伸倍数偏小时纤维得不到充分牵伸，须条粗硬形成硬头；牵伸倍数偏大易造成条干不匀或断头；粗纱捻度偏大主要影响后道牵伸；回潮率偏低主要影响静电与飞花，不是硬头的主因。"},{"id":166,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中发现个别锭子粗纱卷绕直径明显偏大，最可能的原因是","options":["该锭翼压掌压力偏大","该锭筒管直径偏小","该锭成形机构传动比偏小","该锭张力装置偏松"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点是卷绕直径异常的判断。张力装置偏松时卷绕张力不足，粗纱卷绕直径偏大；压掌压力偏大反而使卷绕偏紧、直径偏小；筒管直径偏小会使卷绕直径偏小；成形机构传动比偏小会使卷绕密度变化而非单纯直径偏大。"},{"id":167,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工序为防止“烂纱”产生，在落纱与运输环节最应注意的是","options":["提高粗纱捻度","避免粗纱受潮和挤压","增加锭翼转速","减小牵伸倍数"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是烂纱的防治。烂纱多因粗纱受潮、挤压或搬运碰撞造成纱条损伤，落纱与运输中应避免受潮和挤压；提高捻度、增加锭速、减小牵伸倍数均不能直接防止运输环节的烂纱。"},{"id":168,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸区胶圈表面出现严重粘花，最合理的处置是","options":["立即提高锭速甩掉粘花","停机清理胶圈并检查温湿度","加大牵伸倍数稀释粘花","降低胶辊压力减少摩擦"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是胶圈粘花的处置。胶圈粘花多因温湿度不当或胶圈表面不洁，应停机清理并检查车间温湿度；提高锭速不能清除粘花且易断头；加大牵伸倍数会恶化条干；降低胶辊压力不能解决粘花反而影响握持。"},{"id":169,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱机在换批后出现大面积断头，检查发现须条在牵伸区中明显发散，最可能的工艺原因是","options":["后区牵伸倍数偏小","主牵伸区隔距偏大","粗纱捻度偏大","锭翼压掌压力偏大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是牵伸区隔距与断头的关系。主牵伸区隔距偏大时对浮游纤维控制不足，须条发散、断头增多；后区牵伸偏小会使须条过紧而非发散；捻度偏大、压掌压力偏大均不会造成须条在牵伸区发散。"},{"id":170,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌对纱条的包围弧过大时，最可能直接引起的纱疵是","options":["粗纱伸长率偏大","粗纱表面毛羽增多","粗纱条干不匀恶化","粗纱捻度偏小"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"压掌包围弧过大使纱条在锭翼顶端受到额外摩擦与张力波动，直接恶化条干。伸长率偏大主要与张力牵伸配置有关；毛羽增多多与通道粗糙、集合器不当有关；捻度偏小由捻度齿轮或锭速与输出速度匹配决定。"},{"id":171,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数一般控制在合理范围，若后区牵伸倍数设置过大，最可能出现的后果是","options":["前区牵伸负担减轻，条干改善","后区须条过分拉细，粗纱重量不匀增大","主牵伸区摩擦力界增强，纤维伸直度提高","粗纱捻度传递效率提高，断头减少"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"后区牵伸过大时须条在后区被过度拉细，纤维间联系减弱，重量不匀增大。前区负担并非减轻而是重新分配，条干通常恶化；摩擦力界不因后区牵伸增大而增强；捻度传递与后区牵伸无直接正相关。"},{"id":172,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机正常运转中，若发现锭翼顶端有纱条缠绕且伴有周期性断头，下列处置顺序中最合理的是","options":["先降锭速观察，再拆锭翼清理，最后调整张力","先停车清理缠绕，再检查压掌与通道，然后低速试运行","先提高张力消除松纱，再清理缠绕，最后恢复原速","先更换锭翼总成，再调整牵伸齿轮，最后清理通道"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"缠绕与周期性断头应先停车消除缠绕，再检查压掌、通道等摩擦部位，最后低速验证。先降速观察会延误清理；提高张力会加重缠绕；直接更换锭翼总成属过度处置且未排查真实原因。"},{"id":173,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，集合器开口选择偏大时，对粗纱质量最直接的影响是","options":["须条边缘纤维不易收拢，粗纱毛羽增加","须条被过度压缩，粗纱捻度增大","牵伸力显著下降，粗纱重量偏轻","纤维在前区打滑，条干明显恶化"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"集合器开口偏大时对须条边缘纤维的控制减弱，边缘纤维不易收拢，毛羽增多。开口大不会使捻度增大；牵伸力与集合器开口无显著直接关系；纤维打滑多与牵伸力过大或握持不足有关。"},{"id":174,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机主牵伸区中，皮圈钳口隔距偏小时，最可能出现的现象是","options":["牵伸力增大，须条易出现硬头或断头","牵伸力减小，粗纱条干更均匀","须条在钳口处打滑，重量偏轻","纤维伸直度下降，粗纱毛羽减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"皮圈钳口隔距偏小使握持力增强、牵伸力增大，须条易出现硬头或断头。牵伸力不会减小；打滑多与握持不足有关；毛羽不会因隔距偏小而减少。"},{"id":175,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机捻度齿轮更换后，若实际捻度比工艺要求偏小，在其他条件不变时最可能引起","options":["粗纱断头减少，生产效率提高","粗纱在细纱机上退绕时易产生意外伸长","粗纱强力提高，运输中不易坏纱","粗纱条干均匀度明显改善"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"捻度偏小使粗纱强力下降，细纱退绕时易产生意外伸长甚至断头。断头不会减少；强力不会提高；条干不会因捻度偏小而改善。"},{"id":176,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时，若发现某锭粗纱直径明显偏细且重量偏轻，首先应检查的部位是","options":["该锭的牵伸齿轮与加压装置","该锭的锭翼压掌与筒管","该锭的集合器与喇叭口","该锭的锭带张力与锭速"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"单锭粗纱偏细偏轻多与牵伸系统异常有关，应首先检查牵伸齿轮、加压装置。锭翼压掌主要影响卷绕与张力；集合器影响毛羽与条干；锭带张力影响锭速与捻度，不直接造成重量偏轻。"},{"id":177,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，若车间相对湿度过低，最可能出现的现象是","options":["粗纱回潮率升高，断头减少","纤维抱合力下降，粗纱毛羽与断头增多","牵伸力增大，条干改善","粗纱捻度传递效率提高，坏纱减少"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"相对湿度过低使纤维回潮率下降、抱合力减弱，毛羽与断头增多。回潮率不会升高；牵伸力不会增大；捻度传递与坏纱不会因此改善。"},{"id":178,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中，若发现粗纱表面出现规律性粗节，且间隔与某罗拉周长对应，最可能的原因是","options":["该罗拉弯曲或表面有损伤","车间温湿度波动","锭翼压掌包围弧过大","集合器开口偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"规律性粗节且间隔与罗拉周长对应，多因该罗拉弯曲或表面损伤造成周期性牵伸波动。温湿度波动通常不产生严格周期性粗节；压掌包围弧与集合器开口影响毛羽、条干，不产生与罗拉周长对应的周期性粗节。"},{"id":179,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，若锭翼压掌位置未对准筒管中心，最可能造成","options":["粗纱卷绕张力不匀，易出现冒纱或断头","粗纱捻度偏大，强力提高","牵伸倍数改变，重量偏轻","粗纱条干明显改善，毛羽减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"压掌位置未对准筒管中心会使卷绕张力不匀，易冒纱或断头。捻度、牵伸倍数不会因此改变；条干与毛羽也不会因此改善。"},{"id":180,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区调整后出现粗纱条干恶化，下列排查方向中合理的有","options":["检查前区皮圈是否跑偏或磨损","检查集合器开口与安装位置是否合适","检查后区牵伸倍数是否突然改大","检查锭翼压掌包围弧是否过大","检查车间照明亮度是否均匀"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"条干恶化应排查牵伸区皮圈状态、集合器开口与位置、后区牵伸倍数等牵伸相关因素。锭翼压掌包围弧主要影响张力与毛羽，不是条干恶化首选排查项；照明亮度与条干无直接因果关系。"},{"id":181,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼通道内壁出现棉蜡积聚时，正确的清洁处置方式是","options":["用钢丝刷顺通道方向刮除","用竹片或专用工具沿通道轻刮","用压缩空气由外向内吹净","用蘸水抹布直接擦拭内壁"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼清洁。锭翼通道内壁积聚棉蜡应用竹片或专用清洁工具沿通道轻刮，避免损伤通道表面。A项钢丝刷会划伤通道内壁，造成挂花。C项压缩空气由外向内吹会将杂质推入通道深处。D项蘸水擦拭会使通道生锈并残留水分。"},{"id":182,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现锭翼产生规律性机械波，最可能的原因是","options":["锭翼通道内壁有棉蜡积聚","锭翼臂与锭杆配合松动","粗纱捻系数偏小","牵伸区皮辊压力偏大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：机械波成因判断。规律性机械波通常由回转部件缺陷引起，锭翼臂与锭杆配合松动会产生周期性振动。A项棉蜡积聚多造成挂花和粗纱表面毛糙，不产生规律性机械波。C项捻系数偏小影响粗纱强力。D项皮辊压力偏大影响牵伸质量而非机械波。"},{"id":183,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在换批时发现新批粗纱定量偏重，应优先调整","options":["锭翼转速","牵伸齿轮齿数","卷绕密度齿轮","假捻器规格"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：定量调整。粗纱定量偏重应调整牵伸齿轮齿数改变牵伸倍数。A项锭翼转速影响产量和捻度，不直接改变定量。C项卷绕密度齿轮影响卷绕松紧和成形。D项假捻器规格影响假捻效果，不改变定量。"},{"id":184,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，皮圈跑偏的正确处置方法是","options":["调大皮圈张力使跑偏复位","停机后调整皮圈架位置和张紧度","用胶水将皮圈粘在皮圈架上","降低牵伸倍数使皮圈回位"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：皮圈跑偏处理。皮圈跑偏需停机后检查皮圈架位置、皮圈规格和张紧度并调整。A项单纯调大张力可能加剧跑偏或损伤皮圈。C项胶水粘接会破坏皮圈弹性。D项降低牵伸倍数不能解决跑偏问题。"},{"id":185,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱捻系数偏大时，粗纱在细纱工序的表现通常是","options":["细纱牵伸力增大，易出硬头","细纱断头减少，条干改善","细纱牵伸力减小，易出粗节","细纱捻度传递加快，细节增多"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：捻系数与后道工序关系。捻系数偏大使粗纱结构紧密，细纱牵伸时牵伸力增大，易出现硬头。B项断头减少条干改善与捻系数偏大不符。C项牵伸力应增大而非减小。D项捻度传递加快细节增多不是捻系数偏大的典型表现。"},{"id":186,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在落纱后发现管纱成形两端锥面过陡，正确的调整方向是","options":["增大卷绕密度齿轮齿数","调整成形机构换向位置使锥面变缓","提高锭翼转速加快卷绕","减小牵伸倍数增大定量"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：成形调整。管纱两端锥面过陡应调整成形机构换向位置，使锥面角度变缓。A项卷绕密度齿轮影响卷绕圈距而非锥面角度。C项锭翼转速影响产量和捻度。D项牵伸倍数影响定量而非成形锥面。"},{"id":187,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸区中加压皮辊表面出现明显凹槽，正确的处置方式是","options":["将皮辊转向180度继续使用","更换同规格合格皮辊并检查加压","用砂纸打磨凹槽后继续使用","增大皮辊压力使凹槽压平"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：皮辊维护。皮辊表面出现凹槽应更换同规格合格皮辊并检查加压是否正常。A项转向继续使用会造成牵伸不匀。C项砂纸打磨破坏皮辊表面圆整度。D项增大压力不能消除凹槽且可能加剧损伤。"},{"id":188,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中，锭翼发出异常撞击声且伴有粗纱断头增多，最恰当的处置是","options":["提高锭翼转速使声音消失","立即停机检查锭翼紧固及锭杆垂直度","继续运转待落纱时再检查","向锭翼通道内加润滑油消音"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：异常声响处置。锭翼异常撞击声伴断头增多说明锭翼可能松动或锭杆不垂直，应立即停机检查。A项提高转速会加剧振动和损坏。C项继续运转会扩大故障。D项加润滑油不能解决机械松动问题且污染纱条。"},{"id":189,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在交接班时发现粗纱机牵伸区下绒辊积花严重且粗纱条干恶化，正确的处置流程是","options":["先清洁下绒辊再检查条干是否恢复","直接更换牵伸齿轮排除故障","先调整牵伸倍数再清洁绒辊","先提高锭翼转速再观察条干"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：交接班故障处置流程。下绒辊积花严重会影响牵伸区清洁和条干，应先清洁绒辊再观察条干是否恢复，以判断故障是否由此引起。B项直接更换牵伸齿轮未先排除清洁因素。C项调整牵伸倍数不能解决积花问题。D项提高锭翼转速与牵伸区积花无关。"},{"id":190,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时锭翼顶端导纱臂的定位应使纱条在压掌上的包绕角保持约多大","options":["20°~30°","45°~60°","90°~120°","150°~180°"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱锭翼压掌包绕角。正确项45°~60°可使纱条张力稳定、减少断头。20°~30°包绕过小，纱条易滑脱；90°~120°包绕过大，摩擦阻力剧增易断头；150°~180°包绕过大，压掌磨损快且纱条易被拉断。"},{"id":191,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，当后区牵伸倍数偏大而粗纱出现周期性粗节时应优先检查","options":["前区罗拉隔距是否偏小","后区罗拉隔距是否偏大","中区集合器是否偏紧","锭翼压掌是否过松"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸与粗节关系。后区罗拉隔距偏大会使后区牵伸对纤维控制不良，产生周期性粗节。前区隔距偏小主要影响前区牵伸；中区集合器偏紧影响须条集聚；锭翼压掌过松影响卷绕张力。"},{"id":192,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现纱条在锭翼顶端有规律地一圈松一圈紧，应首先调整","options":["锭翼压掌的弧度","牵伸区后区隔距","筒管齿轮传动比","锭翼顶端导纱臂的位置"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼导纱臂位置与卷绕张力。导纱臂位置不当会使纱条在锭翼顶端卷绕时张力周期性波动。压掌弧度影响压掌压力；后区隔距影响牵伸；筒管齿轮传动比影响卷绕速度。"},{"id":193,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱时突然出现大面积断头，最应先检查的项目是","options":["粗纱定量是否偏轻","锭翼压掌是否松动","牵伸区罗拉隔距是否变化","车间相对湿度是否急剧下降"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱断头原因排查。锭翼压掌松动会使纱条失去控制造成大面积断头，应优先检查。粗纱定量偏轻、罗拉隔距变化属渐变因素；相对湿度下降影响较缓。"},{"id":194,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，当须条出现规律性细节且细节间距与前罗拉周长一致时，应判断为","options":["前罗拉偏心或弯曲","后罗拉加压不足","中区集合器阻塞","锭翼通道挂花"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：机械波与纱疵对应关系。细节间距等于前罗拉周长说明前罗拉每转一周产生一次，为前罗拉偏心或弯曲。后罗拉加压不足产生不规律细节；集合器阻塞影响集聚；锭翼挂花产生毛羽而非规律细节。"},{"id":195,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，前区牵伸倍数增大时为保证成纱质量应同步调整","options":["前罗拉加压与钳口隔距","锭翼转速与卷绕张力","后区集合器口径","筒管直径与升降动程"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：前区牵伸与加压配合。前区牵伸增大时须同步增大前罗拉加压并调整钳口隔距，以加强纤维控制。锭翼转速、后区集合器、筒管直径不是同步调整项。"},{"id":196,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制化纤混纺品种时，牵伸区中易产生静电缠绕罗拉，最有效的措施是","options":["提高锭翼转速","增大后区牵伸倍数","适当提高车间相对湿度","减小前罗拉加压"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：化纤纺纱静电控制。化纤导电性差易产生静电，适当提高相对湿度可加速电荷逸散。提高锭速会加剧摩擦起电；增大后区牵伸不解决静电；减小前罗拉加压影响牵伸控制。"},{"id":197,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，纱条在锭翼压掌上的正确穿法是","options":["从压掌外侧绕过并压入压掌下","从压掌内侧穿过压掌孔","直接搭在压掌表面不穿入","从锭翼顶端导纱臂外侧绕过"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱生头穿纱方法。正确方法是从压掌外侧绕过并压入压掌下，保证卷绕张力稳定。从内侧穿孔会增大摩擦；直接搭表面失去控制；从导纱臂外侧绕过不符合生头要求。"},{"id":198,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺纱过程中发现粗纱条干出现规律性竹节，且竹节间距与后罗拉周长一致，应判断为","options":["后罗拉偏心或弯曲","前罗拉加压不足","锭翼压掌过紧","中区集合器口径偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：机械波与纱疵对应关系。竹节间距等于后罗拉周长说明后罗拉每转一周产生一次，为后罗拉偏心或弯曲。前罗拉加压不足影响牵伸效率；压掌过紧影响卷绕；集合器口径偏大影响集聚。"},{"id":199,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼在运行中发出周期性摩擦声，停台检查发现锭翼臂内侧有轻微磨痕，最可能的原因是","options":["锭翼与纱管间隙偏小","锭翼压掌压力不足","锭翼动平衡不良","锭翼顶端轴承缺油"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼异常磨损的常见原因。锭翼动平衡不良会产生周期性摩擦与磨痕，故正确。锭翼与纱管间隙偏小通常造成碰管而非臂内侧磨痕；压掌压力不足影响张力而非产生周期性摩擦；轴承缺油多为连续异响且伴温升，不是周期性臂内侧磨痕。"},{"id":200,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数主要影响的是","options":["须条的伸直度","须条的定量偏差","捻度的传递效率","锭翼的卷绕速度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸分配对须条结构的作用。后区牵伸倍数主要影响须条伸直度，故正确。定量偏差主要由总牵伸决定；捻度传递效率与捻度、捻系数相关；卷绕速度由卷绕机构决定，与后区牵伸无直接关系。"},{"id":201,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时频繁出现粗节，检查发现牵伸区下绒板积花严重，正确的处置是","options":["提高后区牵伸倍数","清理下绒板并检查吸风","降低锭速以减少断头","调大压掌压力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗节纱疵的现场处置。下绒板积花会带入飞花形成粗节，应先清理并检查吸风，故正确。提高后区牵伸会改变牵伸分配，不解决积花问题；降低锭速只掩盖断头；调大压掌压力影响张力，与积花无关。"},{"id":202,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱捻系数偏大时，对后道细纱工序最直接的影响是","options":["细纱牵伸力增大易出硬头","细纱断头率下降","细纱捻度不匀改善","细纱条干均匀度提高"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱捻系数与细纱牵伸的关系。捻系数偏大，粗纱抱合力强，细纱牵伸力增大，易出硬头，故正确。断头率、捻度不匀、条干均匀度不会因此直接改善，捻系数过大反而恶化牵伸条件。"},{"id":203,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后，纱条张力增大，为保持卷绕张力稳定，通常应同步调整的是","options":["牵伸倍数","捻系数","卷绕张力牙","后区隔距"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：卷绕张力调节机构。锭速变化影响卷绕张力，需通过卷绕张力牙调整，故正确。牵伸倍数影响定量；捻系数影响捻度；后区隔距影响牵伸分配，均不直接调节卷绕张力。"},{"id":204,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后发现个别纱管上的粗纱出现明显冒头冒脚，应重点检查","options":["锭翼压掌压力是否一致","牵伸齿轮是否磨损","胶辊是否偏心","吸风是否堵塞"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：冒头冒脚与卷绕成形的关系。冒头冒脚多因压掌压力不一致或成形机构问题，故正确。牵伸齿轮磨损影响条干；胶辊偏心影响条干；吸风堵塞影响飞花，均不直接造成冒头冒脚。"},{"id":205,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制化纤混纺品种时，牵伸区出现绕胶辊现象，下列处置中正确的是","options":["立即停车清理并检查胶辊表面状态","继续运行待其自行脱落","加大后区牵伸使绕花拉断","降低捻系数减少抱合"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：绕胶辊的现场处置。绕胶辊应立即停车清理并检查胶辊，故正确。继续运行会扩大绕花并损伤胶辊；加大后区牵伸无法拉断绕花且改变工艺；降低捻系数与绕胶辊无直接关系。"},{"id":206,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机纺制细特纱时条干CV值偏高，检查发现下胶圈有轻微破损但未完全断裂，正确的处置是","options":["更换破损下胶圈","调大后区牵伸倍数","提高锭翼转速","减小压掌压力"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈破损对条干的影响与处置。下胶圈破损会造成条干恶化，应更换，故正确。调大后区牵伸、提高锭速、减小压掌压力均不能解决胶圈破损引起的条干问题。"},{"id":207,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱时，若发现纱条在牵伸区出现明显抖动并伴有细节，首先应检查的是","options":["牵伸区隔距与加压是否匹配","锭翼动平衡是否良好","卷绕张力牙是否选对","吸风负压是否足够"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸区抖动与细节的判断。牵伸区抖动伴细节多因隔距与加压不匹配，故正确。锭翼动平衡影响加捻卷绕；卷绕张力牙影响张力；吸风负压影响飞花，均不直接造成牵伸区抖动细节。"},{"id":208,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车前检查牵伸区时，上罗拉加压两端不一致最可能直接造成下列哪种后果","options":["须条横向偏移出现粗细节","须条在罗拉间打滑形成硬头","上罗拉两端轴承温升不同","下罗拉表面缠花加剧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是牵伸区加压均匀性对须条运动的影响。上罗拉两端加压不一致会使握持力分布不均，须条向压力小的一侧偏移，牵伸不稳定产生粗细节，故A对。B错在打滑多因整体加压不足或罗拉表面状态差，而非两端差异。C错在轴承温升主要与润滑和转速相关。D错在下罗拉缠花多与清洁、湿度、静电有关。"},{"id":209,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌压力调整过小，在正常卷绕张力下最可能出现下列哪种现象","options":["粗纱在筒管上卷绕松散","粗纱条干出现周期性不匀","锭翼顶端飞花明显增多","筒管两端出现毛边纱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是锭翼压掌对卷绕张力的作用。压掌压力过小时对纱条的握持卷绕力不足，粗纱卷绕松弛，故A对。B错在周期性不匀与牵伸、传动啮合相关，非压掌压力主因。C错在锭翼顶端飞花多与锭速、清洁、气流有关。D错在筒管毛边多与卷绕成形和导纱位置相关。"},{"id":210,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱工序发现纱条在牵伸区出现“硬头”，最先应排查的环节是","options":["后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","前区罗拉隔距是否偏小","粗纱捻系数是否偏低","车间相对湿度是否偏高"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是硬头产生的主要原因。硬头多因前区握持力过大或隔距过小使纤维被强行拉断成粗节，故B对。A错在后区牵伸偏大主要影响条干均匀，不直接形成硬头。C错在捻系数偏低会使纱条松散，与硬头无直接因果。D错在湿度偏高易缠罗拉，不直接造成硬头。"},{"id":211,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸罗拉隔距的确定，主要依据下列哪一项","options":["纤维长度及其整齐度","粗纱定量与捻度","锭速与卷绕张力","车间温湿度条件"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是罗拉隔距的工艺依据。隔距应大于纤维品质长度并适应长度整齐度，故A对。B错在定量和捻度影响牵伸分配而非隔距设定。C错在锭速和张力属卷绕工艺。D错在温湿度影响牵伸力但不决定隔距。"},{"id":212,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运行中锭子出现明显轴向窜动，正确的处置是","options":["降低锭速继续观察","停机检查锭子轴承与锭脚","加大锭带张力消除窜动","向锭杆加注润滑油后复开"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是锭子异常的判断与处置。轴向窜动多因轴承磨损或锭脚松动，应停机检查，故B对。A错在降速观察会掩盖故障并加剧磨损。C错在锭带张力与轴向窜动无直接关系。D错在加润滑油不能消除机械间隙。"},{"id":213,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机后区牵伸的主要作用是","options":["把熟条进一步拉细并改善条干","对须条进行整理以利于前区牵伸","控制粗纱捻度使其满足后道要求","将须条卷绕到筒管上形成粗纱"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是后区牵伸的功能。后区牵伸以整理须条、解除纤维间部分联系为主，为前区牵伸做准备，故B对。A错在主要拉细和改善条干由前区完成。C错在捻度由锭翼加捻形成。D错在卷绕由卷绕机构完成。"},{"id":214,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机改纺后条干恶化，检查发现前区牵伸倍数未变而后区牵伸倍数由1.2调到1.6，最可能的原因是","options":["后区牵伸过大使须条提前拉细","前区握持力不足导致须条滑移","粗纱捻系数偏小引起捻回重分布","锭翼压掌压力偏小造成卷绕松"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是后区牵伸倍数对条干的影响。后区牵伸过大使须条在后区被过度拉细，进入前区时纤维伸直度差，条干恶化，故A对。B错在前区握持力与题干改动无关。C错在捻系数偏小影响捻陷但不因后区牵伸改变。D错在压掌压力影响卷绕而非条干。"},{"id":215,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上下皮圈的作用是","options":["对须条形成弹性握持并控制纤维运动","对须条施加捻回提高强力","对须条进行清洁去除短绒","对须条进行加湿减少静电"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是皮圈牵伸的作用。皮圈形成弹性握持，控制纤维运动，减少浮游纤维，故A对。B错在加捻由锭翼完成。C错在清洁由绒辊等完成。D错在加湿由车间空调或喷雾完成。"},{"id":216,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中出现大面积断头，检查发现粗纱捻度过小，正确的调整方向是","options":["适当提高粗纱捻系数","适当降低锭速以减少张力","适当加大后区牵伸倍数","适当减小前区罗拉隔距"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是粗纱捻度与断头的关系。捻度过小使粗纱强力不足，卷绕和退绕时易断头，应提高捻系数，故A对。B错在降速只能缓解张力不能解决强力不足。C错在后区牵伸与捻度无关且过大反损条干。D错在前区隔距影响牵伸不直接改变强力。"},{"id":217,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱机在正常生产中突然出现周期性粗细节，周期与后罗拉转一周对应，最可能的故障是","options":["后罗拉弯曲或后罗拉头齿轮啮合不良","前皮圈跑偏或皮圈张力过松","锭翼压掌磨损导致卷绕不匀","粗纱筒管跳动引起卷绕张力波动"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是周期性不匀的故障定位。周期与后罗拉转一周对应说明故障源在后罗拉或其传动，故A对。B错在前皮圈故障周期应与前罗拉对应。C错在压掌磨损影响卷绕而非牵伸周期。D错在筒管跳动周期与卷绕转速相关。"},{"id":218,"type":"single","stem":"在粗纱工序中，为减少飞花和纱疵，下列做法正确的是","options":["牵伸区绒辊保持转动并及时清绒","锭翼顶端加装挡板减少气流","将粗纱管直接放在牵伸区旁备用","提高车间温度以降低纤维刚性"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是粗纱工序飞花与纱疵防治。绒辊正常转动并及时清除短绒可减少飞花落入须条，故A对。B错在锭翼顶端挡板主要影响气流而非牵伸区飞花。C错在粗纱管放在牵伸区旁易带入飞花和油污。D错在升温不能降低纤维刚性，反而可能影响牵伸。"},{"id":219,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼出现挂花时，挡车工应优先采取的操作是","options":["用竹扦顺锭翼旋转方向轻挑挂花","停车后用竹扦反向挑出挂花","用湿布擦拭锭翼内壁挂花","降低锭速让挂花自行甩脱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼挂花的处理。粗纱机运转中锭翼挂花应用竹扦顺旋转方向轻挑，可避免缠绕加重且不损伤锭翼；停车反向挑易将花带入锭翼通道造成再挂；湿布擦拭会使棉蜡黏附更难清除；降速不能去除已挂花且影响产量。"},{"id":220,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速突然下降但电机运转声正常，最应先检查的部位是","options":["锭带张力与锭带轮接触情况","粗纱捻度齿轮啮合间隙","牵伸罗拉加压弹簧压力","下绒板吸风管是否堵塞"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭速异常的排查顺序。锭速下降而电机声音正常，多因锭带打滑或锭带张力不足，应先查锭带张力与锭带轮；捻度齿轮只改变捻度不改变锭速；罗拉加压影响牵伸不直接影响锭速；吸风管堵塞影响清洁不直接影响锭速。"},{"id":221,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱过程中发现纱条上有周期性粗节，周期与锭翼回转一周对应，最可能的成因是","options":["锭翼压掌磨损或松动","前罗拉加压偏小","粗纱捻度偏小","喂入棉条回潮偏高"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：周期性纱疵与回转件的对应关系。周期与锭翼每转一周对应，说明问题出在锭翼回转件上，压掌磨损或松动会周期性挤压纱条形成粗节；前罗拉加压偏小造成的是随机性条干不匀；捻度偏小造成强力低而非周期粗节；回潮高影响牵伸不产生单一周期粗节。"},{"id":222,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后开车时，为减少断头，下列操作中最合理的是","options":["先低速开车待纱条张紧后再升至正常锭速","直接按正常锭速开车以缩短过渡时间","先手动盘车两圈再按正常锭速开车","先松开锭带再按正常锭速开车"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：落纱后开车的操作要领。落纱后开车应先低速使纱条逐步张紧，再升到正常锭速，可减少瞬时张力冲击造成的断头；直接正常锭速开车冲击大易断头；手动盘车不能替代速度过渡；松开锭带无法正常卷绕。"},{"id":223,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸罗拉隔距调整的主要依据是","options":["纤维长度及其整齐度","粗纱定量的大小","锭翼回转速度的高低","车间相对湿度的高低"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：罗拉隔距的确定原则。罗拉隔距应根据纤维长度及整齐度确定，保证纤维在牵伸区受控；粗纱定量由牵伸倍数决定而非隔距；锭速与隔距无关；相对湿度影响牵伸但非隔距调整依据。"},{"id":224,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机下绒板绒布嵌入罗拉表面时，正确的处置方式是","options":["停车后取出绒布并检查绒板弹簧压力","运转中用钩刀将绒布挑出","继续运转待绒布自行脱落","降低锭速后用手直接拉出绒布"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：绒板嵌入罗拉的处置。绒布嵌入罗拉会损伤罗拉并造成纱疵，应停车取出并检查绒板弹簧压力是否不足；运转中挑出有伤手和伤罗拉风险；继续运转会持续损伤；运转中用手拉出同样不安全且不能解决弹簧压力问题。"},{"id":225,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸齿轮搭配中，总牵伸倍数等于","options":["前罗拉线速度与后罗拉线速度之比","前罗拉线速度与锭翼转速之比","锭翼转速与后罗拉线速度之比","前罗拉线速度与卷绕线速度之比"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸倍数的定义。总牵伸倍数等于前罗拉线速度与后罗拉线速度之比，即输出速度与输入速度之比；与锭翼转速之比是捻度相关；与卷绕线速度之比是卷绕倍数。"},{"id":226,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中发现某锭粗纱直径明显大于相邻锭，下列原因中最不可能的是","options":["该锭牵伸齿轮齿数配错","该锭锭翼压掌压力偏小","该锭卷绕张力偏小","该锭喂入棉条定量偏重"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：单锭粗纱直径异常的成因。牵伸齿轮是整机共用件，配错会影响全部锭子而非单锭；压掌压力偏小、卷绕张力偏小、喂入定量偏重均可造成单锭直径偏大。"},{"id":227,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机清洁工作中，下绒板花和上绒板花应","options":["分别收集并按规定分类处理","合并收集后直接回用","合并收集后作废棉处理","分别收集后直接回用"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱工序清洁花的处理。上、下绒板花的含杂和纤维状态不同，应分别收集并按企业规定分类处理；合并收集会混淆回用等级；直接回用未经处理会影响成纱质量。"},{"id":228,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区内，后区牵伸倍数的主要作用是","options":["改善条干均匀度","控制纤维运动速度差","决定粗纱定量","调节锭翼转速"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸工艺。后区牵伸主要承担对纤维运动速度差的控制，为主区牵伸做准备；改善条干主要由主区牵伸承担，粗纱定量由总牵伸决定，锭翼转速由传动系统决定。"},{"id":229,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌对纱线的作用是使粗纱","options":["获得假捻并卷绕紧实","被拉细提高强度","被加湿增加韧性","被拉伸消除捻度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼机构。压掌使粗纱在卷绕时获得假捻并压紧卷绕层，提高卷绕密度；拉细、加湿、消除捻度均非压掌功能。"},{"id":230,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机罗拉隔距的调整依据主要是","options":["纤维长度和定量","锭速和捻度","车间温湿度","粗纱管长度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸工艺。罗拉隔距需按纤维长度和定量匹配，保证钳口对纤维的有效控制；锭速、捻度、温湿度、管长均不决定隔距。"},{"id":231,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区出现明显“硬头”粗节，最可能的工艺原因是","options":["后区牵伸倍数过大","主区牵伸倍数过小","罗拉隔距过大","粗纱捻系数过小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸异常。后区牵伸过大使纤维提前变速，进入主区时形成硬头粗节；主区牵伸小、隔距大、捻系数小均不会直接造成硬头。"},{"id":232,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼转速提高后，粗纱张力偏大，正确的调整顺序是","options":["先降锭速再调张力轮","先调张力轮再降锭速","只调卷绕密度牙","只调后区牵伸倍数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：张力控制。锭速是张力偏大的根源，应先降锭速再调张力轮，避免在高速下强行调张力造成断头；只调卷绕牙或后区牵伸不能解决张力问题。"},{"id":233,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机正常运转中，发现锭翼顶端有纱线缠绕，正确的处置是","options":["立即停车清除缠纱","继续运转让其自行甩脱","加大锭速甩掉缠纱","降低张力轮让其松脱"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：设备异常处置。缠纱会损坏锭翼并影响张力，必须停车清除；继续运转、加速甩脱、降张力均会加剧缠绕或造成断头。"},{"id":234,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区皮辊表面出现周期性凹陷，最可能造成的纱疵是","options":["周期性粗细节","短片段竹节","长片段不匀","毛羽增多"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：皮辊与纱疵。皮辊凹陷使握持力周期性变化，形成周期性粗细节；竹节、长片段不匀、毛羽增多各有其他成因，不是凹陷的典型结果。"},{"id":235,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机捻度偏小会导致粗纱","options":["强力下降，易断头","强力上升，卷绕紧","条干明显改善","毛羽显著减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：捻度与强力。捻度小则纤维抱合差，强力下降，易断头；捻度小不会提升强力、改善条干或减少毛羽。"},{"id":236,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区集棉器（集合器）开口过大，最可能造成","options":["须条扩散，条干恶化","须条被挤压成硬块","纤维被过度拉断","粗纱捻度增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：集棉器作用。开口过大失去收拢作用，须条扩散，条干恶化；挤压成硬块是开口过小，拉断纤维是牵伸过大，增捻与集棉器无关。"},{"id":237,"type":"single","stem":"某员工在粗纱机换管后发现粗纱卷绕成形松烂，检查发现张力轮偏大，正确的处理是","options":["适当减小张力轮","继续观察一落纱","增大锭速补偿","减小后区牵伸"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：卷绕成形。张力轮偏大会使卷绕过松，应适当减小张力轮；继续观察、增大锭速、减小后区牵伸均不能纠正松烂成形。"},{"id":238,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中牵伸区出现大量飞花，最应优先检查的是","options":["车间相对湿度是否偏低","锭翼压掌是否磨损","筒管是否跳动","粗纱捻度是否偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸飞花。湿度偏低使纤维静电增大、飞花增多，应优先检查湿度；压掌磨损、筒管跳动、捻度偏大均不是飞花的主因。"},{"id":239,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸工艺调整中，有助于改善粗纱条干均匀度的措施有","options":["合理配置主区牵伸倍数","按纤维长度选定罗拉隔距","适当减小后区牵伸倍数","提高锭翼转速以增加捻度","加大集棉器开口以利通过"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：条干改善。合理主区牵伸、匹配罗拉隔距、适当减小后区牵伸均有利于条干；提高锭速增加捻度不改善条干，加大集棉器开口会削弱收拢使条干恶化。"},{"id":240,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转时，锭翼顶端假捻器的主要作用是使纱条在加捻过程中获得哪种效果","options":["增加纱条捻度以承受卷绕张力","减少粗纱表面毛羽并提高光洁度","使粗纱在锭翼顶端获得临时捻度以减少断头","降低牵伸区摩擦力防止须条分层"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：假捻器的作用。正确项对：假捻器在锭翼顶端给纱条施加临时捻度，使纱条在进入锭翼前获得一段假捻，从而提高纱段强度、减少断头。A项错：假捻器施加的是临时捻度，不是为增加成品捻度。B项错：减少毛羽主要是捻度和卷绕工艺的综合结果，不是假捻器的核心功能。D项错：牵伸区摩擦力由牵伸元件和须条状态决定，与假捻器无关。"},{"id":241,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数一般应控制在什么范围以兼顾总牵伸分配和须条均匀度","options":["1.1～1.5倍","1.6～2.0倍","2.1～2.5倍","2.6～3.0倍"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸分配。正确项对：后区牵伸倍数通常较小（1.1～1.5倍），以整理须条、防止后区牵伸波。B项错：1.6～2.0倍偏大，易造成后区牵伸不匀。C项错：2.1～2.5倍会使须条在后区过度拉细。D项错：2.6～3.0倍属过大后区牵伸，实际生产中很少采用。"},{"id":242,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机下清洁器吸风管堵塞后，最可能直接引起的纱疵类型是","options":["粗节与竹节纱疵增多","细节与长片段不匀增加","棉结与短绒聚集形成纱疵","捻度不匀导致硬头纱"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：清洁装置与纱疵关系。正确项对：下清洁器吸风管堵塞后，飞花和短绒不能及时吸走，会在牵伸区聚集并带入须条形成棉结、短绒纱疵。A项错：粗节、竹节多与牵伸不良或喂入不匀有关。B项错：细节和长片段不匀主要与牵伸分配或喂入定量有关。D项错：捻度不匀与锭翼、锭子传动有关，与吸风管堵塞无直接关系。"},{"id":243,"type":"single","stem":"在粗纱机牵伸工艺中，当总牵伸倍数不变而将后区牵伸倍数适当增大时，前区牵伸倍数应如何调整","options":["相应增大以维持总牵伸不变","相应减小以维持总牵伸不变","保持前区牵伸倍数不变","先减小后区牵伸再调前区"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸倍数分配关系。正确项对：总牵伸等于各区牵伸倍数之积，后区增大时前区应减小才能保持总牵伸不变。A项错：前区再增大会使总牵伸变大。C项错：前区不变则总牵伸随之改变。D项错：题设已固定总牵伸，重新调后区与题干条件矛盾。"},{"id":244,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌压力过大时，对粗纱卷绕质量造成的主要影响是","options":["粗纱卷绕张力过小容易松纱","粗纱卷绕张力过大易产生纱条意外伸长","粗纱卷装直径偏小影响容量","粗纱层次不清造成退绕困难"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼压掌压力与卷绕张力。正确项对：压掌压力过大使卷绕张力增大，纱条在卷绕过程中易产生意外伸长，影响粗纱条干。A项错：压力过大会使张力偏大而非偏小。C项错：卷装直径由卷绕机构决定，与压掌压力无直接因果。D项错：层次不清多与卷绕成形机构或升降动程有关。"},{"id":245,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺制化纤混纺品种时，牵伸区胶辊出现绕花现象，下列处置顺序中最合理的是","options":["先停车再清理绕花，检查胶辊表面与温湿度","边运转边用竹片清除绕花，再观察是否复绕","停车后直接更换胶辊，不检查原料与温湿度","降低锭速继续运转，等待绕花自行脱落"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：绕花处置程序与原因排查。正确项对：绕花后应先停车清理，再检查胶辊表面状态和车间温湿度，从源头防复绕。B项错：运转中清理有安全隐患且不能查明原因。C项错：盲目换胶辊不排查原料和温湿度，问题可能复现。D项错：绕花不会自行脱落，降速只会掩盖问题。"},{"id":246,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，胶圈钳口隔距块规格选择过小时，最可能出现的质量问题是","options":["须条在钳口处打滑造成条干恶化","须条在钳口处受到过大阻力产生硬头","牵伸力不足导致粗节增多","胶圈使用寿命延长但纱疵减少"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：隔距块规格与牵伸力。正确项对：隔距块过小使钳口对须条的握持阻力增大，牵伸力剧增，易产生硬头。A项错：打滑多发生在握持力不足时。C项错：隔距过小是阻力增大而非牵伸力不足。D项错：隔距过小会加剧胶圈磨损，不是延长寿命。"},{"id":247,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区前胶辊加压不足时，对须条牵伸的直接后果是","options":["前钳口握持力不足使须条在钳口处打滑","后钳口握持力增大使牵伸力上升","胶圈回转速度加快使牵伸效率提高","罗拉隔距自动增大使牵伸波消失"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：胶辊加压与握持力。正确项对：加压不足使前钳口握持力下降，须条易打滑，造成牵伸不匀和条干恶化。B项错：前胶辊加压与后钳口握持力无直接关系。C项错：加压不足不会提高牵伸效率。D项错：罗拉隔距由机械设定，不会自动变化。"},{"id":248,"type":"single","stem":"某批粗纱在细纱工序反映退绕时断头集中在中纱段，现场检查粗纱卷绕层次尚清、张力正常，下一步最应先排查的是","options":["锭翼压掌是否磨损或压力是否偏小","粗纱机总牵伸倍数是否偏大","后区牵伸倍数是否偏小","下清洁器吸风是否过强"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱退绕断头与卷绕部件。正确项对：中纱段断头集中且层次、张力正常时，多与压掌磨损或压力偏小导致卷绕松紧不匀有关。B项错：总牵伸偏大主要影响条干而非退绕断头分布。C项错：后区牵伸偏小与退绕断头无直接关系。D项错：吸风过强影响飞花而非中纱段退绕。"},{"id":249,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机采用四罗拉双短胶圈牵伸形式时，中区牵伸的主要作用是","options":["对须条进行大倍率牵伸以提高总牵伸","对前区输出的须条进行整理与张力控制","承担主要牵伸并决定成纱条干","将须条由后区直接送入前钳口"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：四罗拉牵伸区功能划分。正确项对：四罗拉双短胶圈的中区主要起整理和张力控制作用，为主牵伸区创造稳定条件。A项错：大倍率牵伸由前区承担。C项错：决定成纱条干的主要是前区牵伸。D项错：须条需经中区整理后再进前区，不是直接送入。"},{"id":250,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机在纺纱过程中出现条干不匀，下列排查方向中与牵伸工艺直接相关的有","options":["前区牵伸倍数分配是否合理","后区牵伸倍数是否偏大","罗拉隔距是否与纤维长度匹配","锭翼压掌压力是否过大","车间照明亮度是否达标"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：条干不匀的牵伸工艺因素。正确项对：前区牵伸分配、后区牵伸倍数、罗拉隔距均直接影响牵伸质量与条干。D项错：压掌压力主要影响卷绕张力，不是条干不匀的直接牵伸因素。E项错：照明亮度与牵伸工艺无直接关系。"},{"id":251,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机正常纺纱时，锭翼顶端假捻器的主要作用是减少粗纱在加捻三角区附近的断头，其机理是","options":["增加纱条与锭翼顶端的摩擦并使纱条获得临时捻度","降低锭翼回转速度从而减小纱条离心力","把粗纱的捻度直接传递到前罗拉钳口处","使粗纱在卷绕前先经过一次热定型"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：假捻器作用。正确项对在假捻器通过增加摩擦给纱条附加临时捻度，提高纺纱段强度。错误项'降低锭翼回转速度'与假捻器功能无关；'把捻度传到前罗拉钳口'混淆了假捻与真捻的传递范围；'热定型'属于后加工概念，粗纱工序无此作用。"},{"id":252,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在巡回时发现粗纱表面周期性出现一个个粗节，且粗节间距与后罗拉回转周期一致，最可能的原因是","options":["后罗拉或后皮辊表面有凹陷、偏心或缠花","锭翼假捻器磨损导致纱条打滑","筒管底部卷绕张力过小造成塌边","粗纱捻系数偏低引起纱条松散"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：机械波式纱疵判断。正确项对在周期性粗节间距与后罗拉回转周期对应，说明后罗拉或后皮辊有缺陷。错误项'假捻器磨损'会造成断头增多而非周期粗节；'卷绕张力过小'产生塌边属卷绕成形问题；'捻系数偏低'造成纱条发毛、断头，不产生与后罗拉周期一致的粗节。"},{"id":253,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，主牵伸区隔距的确定主要依据是","options":["纤维长度及其整齐度","粗纱定量的大小","锭翼回转速度的高低","车间相对湿度的变化"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸隔距设定。正确项对在隔距必须适应纤维长度和整齐度，保证浮游纤维受控。错误项'粗纱定量'影响牵伸倍数而非隔距依据；'锭翼速度'属加捻卷绕参数；'相对湿度'影响回潮和静电，不是隔距设定依据。"},{"id":254,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开关车时，为防止细节和断头，正确的操作顺序是","options":["开车时先开慢速再逐步升速，停车时先降速再停","开车时直接全速启动，停车时立即断电","开车和停车都保持全速以节省时间","开车时先开锭翼再开罗拉，停车时先停锭翼再停罗拉"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：开关车操作程序。正确项对在缓慢升降速可减少纱条张力突变产生的细节和断头。错误项'直接全速启动'会因张力突变产生细节；'全速开关'同样造成冲击；'先开锭翼再开罗拉'的顺序会造成纱条堆积或拉断，不符合操作要求。"},{"id":255,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常纺纱过程中，锭翼顶端出现少量缠绕飞花时，挡车工首先应做的处置是","options":["用竹签在锭翼运转中直接挑除缠绕物","停车后用专用钩刀清除缠绕并检查锭翼通道","加大锭翼压掌压力把缠绕物压入纱条","提高粗纱捻度让缠绕物自行脱落"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是锭翼缠绕的现场处置。运转中挑除易伤手且可能损坏锭翼，正确做法是停车用专用工具清除并检查通道；加大压掌压力不能消除缠绕；提高捻度与缠绕脱落无直接关系。"},{"id":256,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上、下胶圈之间出现积花导致纱条出硬头，最可能的原因是","options":["胶圈张力过小造成胶圈打滑","胶圈钳口隔距过大使纤维失控","胶圈跑偏后与罗拉表面摩擦生热","胶圈内积花使钳口实际隔距变小"],"answer":[3],"explanation":"知识点是胶圈积花对牵伸的影响。胶圈内积花会垫高胶圈，使钳口实际隔距变小，纤维被过度握持而出硬头；胶圈张力小、隔距过大、跑偏摩擦均不会造成钳口变小。"},{"id":257,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时纱条在牵伸区出现明显细节，停车后检查发现下罗拉表面有周期性油污，最合理的处置是","options":["用砂纸打磨下罗拉表面去除油污","用专用清洗剂擦净罗拉并检查清洁装置","提高牵伸倍数把细节拉掉","降低锭速减少油污影响"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是罗拉油污造成周期性细节的处置。正确做法是清洗罗拉并检查清洁装置；砂纸会损伤罗拉表面；提高牵伸和降低锭速都不能消除油污造成的周期性细节。"},{"id":258,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机捻度齿轮更换后，挡车工发现粗纱手感偏软、断头增多，最可能的原因是","options":["捻度齿轮齿数增加使捻度偏小","捻度齿轮齿数减少使捻度偏大","牵伸齿轮齿数增加使定量偏轻","成形齿轮齿数减少使卷绕偏紧"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是捻度齿轮与捻度的关系。捻度齿轮齿数增加通常使捻度偏小，粗纱偏软易断；齿数减少会使捻度偏大而非偏小；牵伸、成形齿轮不直接决定捻度大小。"},{"id":259,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在纺纱过程中，锭翼压掌压力过大最容易造成的质量问题是","options":["粗纱条干出现周期性粗节","粗纱卷绕过紧导致退绕困难","粗纱捻度明显偏小","粗纱定量明显偏轻"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是锭翼压掌压力的作用。压掌压力过大使卷绕过紧，退绕时易断头；条干粗节多与牵伸部件有关；捻度和定量不由压掌压力决定。"},{"id":260,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区下胶圈张力过小，最可能出现的现象是","options":["胶圈打滑造成条干不匀","胶圈跑偏造成纱条出硬头","胶圈钳口隔距自动变大","胶圈内积花明显减少"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是下胶圈张力对牵伸的影响。张力过小胶圈易打滑，造成条干不匀；跑偏和出硬头多与胶圈状态或隔距有关；张力小不会使钳口隔距自动变大或减少积花。"},{"id":261,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在换批号后，挡车工发现粗纱定量偏重，应优先检查和调整的部位是","options":["锭翼压掌压力和成形升降动程","牵伸齿轮齿数和后区牵伸配置","粗纱捻度齿轮和锭速","胶圈张力和清洁装置"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是粗纱定量的调整途径。定量偏重主要通过牵伸齿轮和后区牵伸配置调整；压掌、成形、捻度、胶圈张力均不直接决定定量。"},{"id":262,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机运转中听到牵伸区有周期性异响，同时粗纱出现周期性粗节，最可能的故障部位是","options":["锭翼轴承磨损产生周期性振动","罗拉或胶辊表面有损伤或嵌花","成形机构升降齿轮缺齿","粗纱管底部与锭杆配合过松"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是周期性粗节与机械故障的对应。牵伸区周期性异响伴周期性粗节，多为罗拉或胶辊表面损伤、嵌花；锭翼、成形、纱管问题一般不会在牵伸区产生周期性粗节。"},{"id":263,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机挡车工在巡回中发现某锭粗纱表面有规律性斜纹，其他锭正常，应首先检查该锭的","options":["牵伸罗拉加压是否一致","锭翼压掌是否磨损或压力不足","粗纱捻度齿轮是否选错","下胶圈张力是否过小"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是单锭成形异常的排查。单锭斜纹多与该锭锭翼压掌磨损或压力不足有关；牵伸、捻度、胶圈问题通常影响整台或整面，不会只出现在单锭。"},{"id":264,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在夏季高温高湿环境下纺纱，挡车工发现牵伸区缠绕增多，最合理的应对措施是","options":["适当降低车间相对湿度并加强牵伸区清洁","提高粗纱捻度以减少缠绕","加大锭翼压掌压力压住缠绕","降低牵伸倍数减少纤维量"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是温湿度对牵伸缠绕的影响。高温高湿使纤维回潮大、易缠绕，应降湿并加强清洁；提高捻度、加大压掌压力、降低牵伸倍数都不能从根本上减少缠绕。"},{"id":265,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区出现纱疵时，下列属于正确排查方向的有","options":["检查罗拉隔距是否与纤维长度匹配","检查胶辊胶圈表面是否有损伤或积花","检查加压是否稳定且左右一致","检查锭翼压掌压力是否过大","检查粗纱管是否与锭杆配合过松"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点是牵伸区纱疵的排查。罗拉隔距、胶辊胶圈状态、加压稳定性直接决定牵伸质量；锭翼压掌压力影响卷绕成形，纱管配合影响退绕，均不属于牵伸区纱疵的直接排查方向。"},{"id":266,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制纯棉品种时，牵伸区胶辊出现表面中凹，最容易直接造成的纱疵是","options":["粗节与细节交替出现","条干不匀率明显增大","竹节纱疵增多","棉结大量增加"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"胶辊中凹使钳口握持力沿宽度方向不均，牵伸不匀，主要表现为条干不匀率（CV值）增大；粗节细节交替多因牵伸波或齿轮缺陷；竹节多因绒板或集棉器挂花；棉结多因原料或分梳不良，与胶辊中凹无直接对应关系。"},{"id":267,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌压力过小，对粗纱成形与卷绕的直接影响是","options":["粗纱卷绕张力增大易断头","粗纱卷绕松散、成形不良","压掌与纱管摩擦加剧发热","粗纱捻度显著增加"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"压掌压力过小则粗纱卷绕时缺乏足够压紧力，纱层松散、卷装松软、成形不良；压力过大才会使张力增大易断头；摩擦发热与压力过大或压掌表面状态有关；捻度由锭翼转速与罗拉输出速度决定，与压掌压力无关。"},{"id":268,"type":"single","stem":"在粗纱机上调整牵伸工艺时，将后区牵伸倍数适当减小，通常带来的效果是","options":["前区牵伸负担减小、条干改善","后区牵伸力增大、须条易解捻","粗纱捻度自动增大","罗拉握持力下降、须条易分层"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"后区牵伸倍数减小，进入前区的须条更紧密，前区牵伸负担减轻，有利于条干改善；后区牵伸力随牵伸倍数减小而减小；捻度由捻度齿轮决定，不随后区牵伸倍数自动变化；罗拉握持力与加压、罗拉状态有关，与后区牵伸倍数无直接因果。"},{"id":269,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时锭翼出现明显抖动并伴有异响，下列处置顺序中最合理的是","options":["先降速运行观察，再停锭检查锭翼动平衡","立即关车并断开该锭传动，再检查锭翼紧固与轴承","继续运行并记录异响，待落纱后统一检修","加大压掌压力以抑制抖动，再观察运行状态"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"锭翼抖动伴异响多因紧固松动或轴承损坏，应立即关车并断开该锭传动后检查，防止飞锭伤人；先降速观察不能消除隐患；继续运行记录属带病运转；加大压掌压力与抖动根因无关且可能加剧损坏。"},{"id":270,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，下罗拉表面沟槽被棉蜡油污填平后，最可能出现的现象是","options":["须条在牵伸区打滑、条干恶化","粗纱捻度明显降低","锭翼转速自动下降","粗纱卷绕密度增大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"下罗拉沟槽被填平会降低对须条的握持摩擦力，牵伸时须条打滑，条干恶化；捻度由捻度齿轮决定；锭翼转速由传动决定；卷绕密度与压掌压力、张力有关，均与罗拉沟槽状态无直接因果。"},{"id":271,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机落纱后重新生头时，锭翼压掌未复位到正确位置，开车后最易出现的问题是","options":["粗纱条干CV值突然升高","生头纱脱圈、卷绕紊乱","牵伸区须条被拉断","粗纱捻度明显偏大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"压掌未复位会使生头时纱线不能正常压入卷绕层，出现脱圈、卷绕紊乱；条干CV值反映牵伸质量，与压掌复位无直接关系；须条拉断多因牵伸或集棉器问题；捻度由捻度齿轮决定。"},{"id":272,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺制化纤混纺品种时，牵伸区罗拉隔距相比纯棉品种通常应","options":["适当放大，以适应纤维长度","适当缩小，以加强握持","保持不变，仅调整牵伸倍数","按纯棉隔距再缩小一档"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"化纤纤维长度一般长于棉，且整齐度好，罗拉隔距应适当放大以适应纤维长度，避免拉断；缩小隔距会因纤维长度不匹配而拉断须条；保持不变或按纯棉缩小均不合理。"},{"id":273,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后，为保持粗纱捻度不变，应采取的措施是","options":["相应提高前罗拉输出速度","相应降低捻度齿轮齿数","保持捻度齿轮不变并调整张力","相应增大后区牵伸倍数"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"捻度由锭速与前罗拉输出速度之比决定，锭速提高后若要保持捻度不变，应相应提高前罗拉输出速度；降低捻度齿轮齿数会改变捻度；捻度齿轮不变则捻度随锭速提高而增大；后区牵伸倍数与捻度无关。"},{"id":274,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区出现规律性条干不匀，且不匀波长与某一罗拉周长相近，最可能的原因是","options":["该罗拉偏心或弯曲","原料混棉不匀","车间温湿度波动","集棉器开口偏大"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"规律性条干不匀且波长与某罗拉周长对应，是典型的该罗拉偏心或弯曲造成的机械波；原料混棉不匀多为随机不匀；温湿度波动影响面较广不呈固定波长；集棉器开口偏大主要影响毛羽。"},{"id":275,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常生产中突然出现大面积断头，检查发现牵伸区须条明显发湿发黏，下一步最合理的处置是","options":["立即提高锭速以拉断湿须条","检查车间温湿度并调整至工艺范围","加大后区牵伸倍数改善须条状态","减少集棉器开口以收拢须条"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"须条发湿发黏多因车间湿度偏高或原料回潮过大，应先检查并调整温湿度至工艺范围；提高锭速会加剧断头；加大后区牵伸与发黏无直接关系；减小集棉器开口不能解决发黏问题。"},{"id":276,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸的主要作用是","options":["使须条产生主牵伸并拉细到规定线密度","对喂入须条进行预牵伸并减少前区牵伸负担","控制须条边缘纤维防止扩散","对输出粗纱进行卷绕张力调节"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机牵伸区工艺分工。后区牵伸对喂入熟条进行预牵伸，使进入前区的须条结构更利于主牵伸，从而减轻前区牵伸负担，故B正确。A描述的是前区主牵伸的作用；C是集合器或集束区的作用；D是卷绕机构的功能，与牵伸区无关。"},{"id":277,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌的作用是","options":["对粗纱施加捻度并控制捻陷","把粗纱从罗拉钳口引出并导入锭翼顶孔","将粗纱压紧在筒管表面以控制卷绕张力","对粗纱进行加湿以减少静电"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼压掌功能。压掌将粗纱压紧在筒管表面，使卷绕紧密并控制卷绕张力，故C正确。A加捻是锭翼回转本身的作用，不是压掌；B引导粗纱是锭翼顶孔和导纱臂的功能；D加湿由车间空调或加湿装置完成，与压掌无关。"},{"id":278,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机前罗拉钳口到锭翼顶孔之间的纱段称为","options":["牵伸区","加捻区","卷绕区","喂入区"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机区域划分。前罗拉钳口到锭翼顶孔之间纱段在锭翼回转下获得捻度，称为加捻区，故B正确。A牵伸区在罗拉之间；C卷绕区在筒管表面附近；D喂入区在机后导条架至后罗拉处。"},{"id":279,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸过程中，前区隔距偏大最可能造成","options":["须条在牵伸区中被打断形成断头","纤维变速点分散导致粗纱条干不匀","罗拉钳口握持力过大造成纤维损伤","牵伸力过大使罗拉弯曲"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸隔距对条干的影响。前区隔距偏大时，纤维变速点分散，浮游纤维增多，条干恶化，故B正确。A隔距偏大一般不易打断须条；C握持力由加压决定，与隔距无关；D牵伸力过大与隔距偏小或牵伸倍数过大有关。"},{"id":280,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运行中出现锭翼突然抖动并伴有异响，下列处置顺序中最合理的是","options":["先降速观察，再停车检查锭翼紧固与轴承","立即停车，检查锭翼是否松动或轴承损坏","继续运行并记录异响，交班时统一处理","先加油润滑，再观察是否恢复正常"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机异常处置。锭翼抖动伴异响多因紧固松动或轴承损坏，应立即停车检查以防飞出伤人，故B正确。A降速观察会延误时机；C继续运行存在安全隐患；D未查明原因就加油可能掩盖故障。"},{"id":281,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机集合器位置偏移或开口过大，最可能产生的纱疵是","options":["竹节纱","粗细节","毛羽增多","棉结增多"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：集合器对纱疵的影响。集合器开口过大或位置偏移时，须条边缘纤维得不到有效收拢，毛羽增多，故C正确。A竹节多与牵伸不良或原料有关；B粗细节多与牵伸波或牵伸力波动有关；D棉结多与原料或分梳有关。"},{"id":282,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速提高后，粗纱捻度保持不变，则产量和张力变化为","options":["产量提高，卷绕张力增大","产量提高，卷绕张力减小","产量不变，卷绕张力增大","产量提高，卷绕张力不变"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：锭速与产量、张力关系。锭速提高，单位时间输出长度增加，产量提高；同时离心力增大，卷绕张力增大，故A正确。B张力不会减小；C产量会提高；D张力会变化。"},{"id":283,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机后罗拉加压不足，最可能出现的现象是","options":["须条在后区打滑，粗纱条干恶化","前区牵伸力增大，罗拉弯曲","锭翼回转不稳，粗纱捻度不匀","筒管卷绕过紧，退绕困难"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：罗拉加压作用。后罗拉加压不足时，须条不能被有效握持，后区打滑，牵伸不匀，条干恶化，故A正确。B前区牵伸力与后罗拉加压无直接关系；C锭翼回转由传动决定；D卷绕张力由卷绕机构控制。"},{"id":284,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸工艺调整中，下列做法有助于改善粗纱条干均匀度的有","options":["合理缩小前区隔距使变速点集中","适当增加后区牵伸以减轻前区负担","定期检查罗拉加压确保握持稳定","将集合器开口调至最大以减少摩擦","提高锭速以增加捻度"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点：改善条干的工艺措施。缩小前区隔距使变速点集中，A正确；适当增加后区牵伸可减轻前区负担，B正确；检查罗拉加压保证握持稳定，C正确。D集合器开口过大会失去收拢作用，不利于条干；E锭速提高增加捻度，对条干均匀度无直接改善作用，且可能增大张力。"},{"id":285,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机开车时锭翼顶端与筒管顶端之间的轴向间隙偏小，最容易直接引起下列哪种现象","options":["粗纱卷绕张力过松","锭翼与筒管相碰摩擦","粗纱条干不匀加剧","筒管转速显著下降"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱机锭翼与筒管的轴向间隙是保证正常卷绕的基础条件。间隙偏小时锭翼底端与筒管顶端运动空间不足，运转中容易发生碰擦。张力过松主要由卷绕速度或张力设定不当引起；条干不匀主要与牵伸工艺有关；筒管转速由传动决定，间隙不会使其显著下降。"},{"id":286,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，上胶圈运行方向与下胶圈运行方向一致但上胶圈张力过小，对牵伸的主要影响是","options":["胶圈滑溜率增大，须条牵伸不匀","罗拉钳口握持力明显增强","牵伸区浮游纤维数量减少","下胶圈使用寿命明显延长"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：胶圈张力决定其与须条的同步运行状态。上胶圈张力过小会造成胶圈运行滞后、滑溜率增大，须条在牵伸区受力波动而牵伸不匀。罗拉钳口握持力由加压决定，与胶圈张力无直接关系；浮游纤维数量与隔距、牵伸分配有关；上胶圈张力不影响下胶圈寿命。"},{"id":287,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机采用四罗拉双区牵伸时，主牵伸区布置在下列哪个位置","options":["前罗拉与第二罗拉之间","第二罗拉与第三罗拉之间","第三罗拉与后罗拉之间","后罗拉与导条辊之间"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：四罗拉双区牵伸分为主牵伸区和预牵伸区，主牵伸区承担主要牵伸倍数，通常布置在前罗拉与第二罗拉之间。第二与第三罗拉之间为预牵伸区；第三与后罗拉之间属于后区喂入部分；后罗拉与导条辊之间不构成牵伸区。"},{"id":288,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭速不变而前罗拉输出速度降低时，粗纱卷绕张力会出现的直接变化是","options":["张力减小，粗纱卷绕变松","张力增大，粗纱卷绕变紧","张力不变，卷绕密度上升","张力先减小后增大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：卷绕张力取决于卷绕速度与前罗拉输出速度的匹配关系。前罗拉输出速度降低而卷绕速度不变时，单位时间内卷绕量多于输出量，张力增大、卷绕变紧。张力减小、张力不变及先减后增均不符合速度匹配关系。"},{"id":289,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机后区牵伸倍数设置过大时，最可能出现下列哪种细纱质量隐患","options":["粗纱须条中纤维伸直度提高","粗纱重量不匀率下降","粗纱条干恶化并出现粗细节","粗纱捻度明显增加"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：后区牵伸倍数过大会使须条中纤维运动失控，形成粗细节，恶化条干。纤维伸直度提高是适当牵伸的效果；重量不匀率下降与牵伸过大无必然关系；捻度由锭翼回转与输出速度决定，与后区牵伸倍数无直接关系。"},{"id":290,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机锭翼压掌压力调整过小，对粗纱卷绕成形的直接影响是","options":["纱条在筒管上排列过于紧密","卷绕密度降低，成形松烂","筒管转速明显升高","粗纱捻度显著增大"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼压掌压力决定纱条在筒管上的贴紧程度。压力过小时纱条贴附不实，卷绕密度降低，成形松烂易塌边。压力过大会使排列过紧；筒管转速由传动决定；捻度与压掌压力无直接关系。"},{"id":291,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在正常运转中突然出现锭翼速度下降而前罗拉输出正常，最先应检查的环节是","options":["牵伸齿轮啮合状态","锭翼传动带张紧情况","粗纱捻度设定值","下胶圈清洁状况"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：锭翼速度下降而前罗拉正常，说明故障在锭翼传动环节，最先应检查传动带张紧情况。牵伸齿轮影响牵伸倍数；捻度设定值不随运转突然变化；下胶圈清洁影响牵伸质量而非锭翼速度。"},{"id":292,"type":"single","stem":"某班组在粗纱机换批时，发现新批粗纱条干出现规律性竹节，最可能的原因是","options":["牵伸罗拉隔距按新批纤维长度重新调整","锭翼压掌压力按新批定量重新设定","牵伸齿轮搭配仍沿用上一批的配置","粗纱捻度按新批要求重新设定"],"answer":[2],"explanation":"知识点：换批时牵伸齿轮搭配须按新批定量重新计算，若沿用上一批配置会造成牵伸倍数不匹配，出现规律性竹节。隔距、压掌压力、捻度按新批调整均为正确做法，不会引起该疵点。"},{"id":293,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机在运转中出现个别锭子纱条张力明显小于其他锭子，正确的下一步处置是","options":["立即停机更换全部锭翼","检查该锭翼压掌及纱条通道是否异常","统一调大整台车的卷绕张力","降低整台车锭速以平衡张力"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点：个别锭子张力异常应先从该锭翼压掌、纱条通道等局部因素排查。更换全部锭翼属过度处置；统一调大整台车张力会影响其他正常锭子；降低整台车锭速不能解决单锭局部问题。"},{"id":294,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱机牵伸工艺调整中，下列哪些做法有助于减少粗纱条干不匀","options":["按纤维长度合理设定罗拉隔距","保持胶辊胶圈表面清洁并定期处理","适当提高后区牵伸倍数以增加总牵伸","保证罗拉加压均匀且符合工艺要求","锭翼压掌压力调至最大以增加卷绕密度"],"answer":[0,1,3],"explanation":"知识点：减少条干不匀需从牵伸区控制入手。合理设定罗拉隔距、保持胶辊胶圈清洁、保证罗拉加压均匀均有利于纤维运动稳定和条干改善。后区牵伸倍数过大会恶化条干，故不应为提高总牵伸而盲目加大；压掌压力过大会影响卷绕成形，与条干改善无直接关系。"},{"id":295,"type":"single","stem":"挡车工发现粗纱出现明显粗节且伴有大量飞花附入，最应先检查的环节是","options":["牵伸区清洁和吸风装置状态","锭翼顶端假捻器磨损情况","筒管底部传动齿轮啮合","粗纱张力补偿装置刻度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：纱疵防治。粗节伴飞花附入多因牵伸区积花、吸风不良造成，故应先查清洁与吸风，A正确；假捻器磨损主要影响断头和细节，B错；筒管传动齿轮影响卷绕成形，C错；张力补偿影响卷绕张力，D错。"},{"id":296,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机纺纱时张力过大，最容易造成的后果是","options":["粗纱伸长率偏大且细节增多","粗纱条干均匀度明显改善","锭翼回转阻力减小","牵伸区纤维运动更稳定"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：粗纱张力控制。张力过大使粗纱被过度拉伸，伸长率增大并产生细节，故A正确；张力过大不会改善条干，B错；张力大反而增加锭翼阻力，C错；张力过大干扰牵伸区纤维运动，D错。"},{"id":297,"type":"single","stem":"某粗纱工在换批时发现新批次粗纱定量偏轻，为保持细纱牵伸倍数不变，粗纱工序应","options":["适当减小粗纱牵伸倍数使粗纱定量回升","提高锭翼转速以增加产量","加大粗纱张力以拉细纱条","减少假捻器数量以降低捻度"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点：牵伸工艺调整。粗纱定量偏轻时，可减小粗纱牵伸倍数使输出定量增大，故A正确；提高锭速不改变定量，B错；加大张力会使纱条更细，C错；减少假捻器影响断头而非定量，D错。"},{"id":298,"type":"single","stem":"粗纱机牵伸区中，后区牵伸倍数由1.25调整为1.45后，前区牵伸倍数未变，粗纱定量最可能发生的变化是","options":["粗纱定量变重","粗纱定量变轻","粗纱定量基本不变","粗纱条干不匀率下降"],"answer":[1],"explanation":"知识点是牵伸倍数与粗纱定量的关系。总牵伸倍数等于后区牵伸倍数与前区牵伸倍数之积，前区不变而后区增大，总牵伸倍数增大，喂入同样熟条时输出粗纱变细，即定量变轻。错误项'定量变重'把牵伸倍数与定量关系弄反；'基本不变'忽略后区牵伸对总牵伸的贡献；'条干不匀率下降'与后区牵伸过大通常恶化条干的事实不符。"},{"id":299,"type":"single","stem":"某台粗纱机在运转中出现锭翼顶端有规律地缠花，且每落纱缠花位置集中在同一几个锭子，最应先检查的环节是","options":["锭翼压掌弧度与锭孔通道是否挂花","粗纱机总牵伸齿轮搭配是否偏大","熟条回潮率是否低于公定回潮率","粗纱捻系数是否设定偏小"],"answer":[0],"explanation":"知识点是锭翼缠花的局部性成因判断。缠花集中在固定几个锭子，说明问题在对应锭翼本身，压掌弧度不当、锭孔通道毛刺或挂花是常见原因。'牵伸齿轮搭配'影响整台机所有锭子，不会只集中几个锭；'熟条回潮率'偏低影响面较广，且多表现为纱疵增多而非固定锭位缠花；'捻系数偏小'同样影响整台机，且主要表现为断头多而非定点缠花。"},{"id":300,"type":"multi","stem":"粗纱工序发现细纱退绕时粗纱出现严重意外伸长，需要从粗纱工序排查原因，下列排查方向中合理的有","options":["检查粗纱捻系数是否偏低导致粗纱抱合力不足","检查粗纱存放时间与车间温湿度是否造成回潮异常","检查粗纱成形张力是否过大造成内层纱被拉紧","检查粗纱机牵伸区集合器是否开口过小","检查细纱机吊锭回转是否灵活"],"answer":[0,1,2],"explanation":"知识点是粗纱意外伸长的粗纱工序成因。捻系数偏低使粗纱结构松散、抗拉伸能力差，是常见原因；存放过久或温湿度不当使粗纱回潮异常，纤维间摩擦性能改变，退绕时易伸长；成形张力过大使内层粗纱在卷绕时已被拉伸，退绕时进一步伸长。'集合器开口过小'主要影响牵伸区纤维运动与条干，与退绕意外伸长无直接因果关系；'细纱机吊锭回转是否灵活'属于细纱工序设备因素，不是粗纱工序排查方向。"}]}